Rooyesh-e- Ravanshenasi Journal(RRJ)

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The purpose of present study was identifying the Relation between learning resource management strategies and learning strategies with Self- efficacy high school students Amol.The research method was descriptive correlational. The statistical population was the 2950 persons of Amol high schools' students in second ant thirst grade mathematics discourse. Among them selected 339 students as sample according to Cochran formula and multi cluster sampling. The research instrument was the part of pintrich and et al questionnaire containing learning resource management strategies learning strategies and Self- efficacy. Data were analyzed with Pearson correlation and multiple regression. A Pearson correlation analysis revealed that there is relation between the learning strategies and learning strategies subscales with Self- efficacy statistically significance. Regression analysis showed that learning resource management strategies ( time and study environment management and and help seeking) predict students' Self- efficacy, learning strategies (rehearsal, organization and elaboration) predict students' Self- efficacy. but other learning resource management strategies and learning strategies don’t  predict.

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The present study aims to compare the effectiveness of dialectical behavioral therapy and reality therapy on affective control in mothers of mentally disabled (educatable) children. To fulfill this purpose, out of all mothers of mentally disabled children whose children were studying at the exceptional primary school of district 4 of Tehran during the academic year of 2019-2020, 45 subjects were selected using the convenience method as the research sample and were randomly divided into three groups (a control group and two experimental groups). Then, the subjects of the first and second experimental groups received dialectical behavior therapy and reality therapy in 8 sessions, respectively. The effective control Scale (Williams, Chambless & Ahrens 1997) was used as a research tool in three stages: before and after education and a three-month follow-up for all three groups (2 experimental groups and a control group). In the end, the findings of the mixed analysis of variance test showed that both of the implemented therapeutic approaches have led to an improvement in the effective control of mothers and the impact of both approaches has been significant and consistent over time (P≤0.01). In addition, the results of the Bonferroni test have shown that dialectical behavioral therapy has been more impactful on affective control than reality therapy. According to the findings of the present study, in the field of treatment and counseling of mothers of children with disabilities, dialectical behavior therapy, and reality therapy seems to be very effective and promising.

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Suicide is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and one of the most important public health problems among young people. The aim of this study was to investigate the model of the moderating role of hopelessness and rumination in integrated motivational-volitional (IMV) model suicide theory. The sample of this study consisted of 600 students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University who were selected by cluster sampling. The correlation was used to test the simple interface between the studied variables. The results showed that failure (β-0.25) and entrapment (β = 0.15) had a significant direct effect on the idea of ​​suicide, And the indirect effect of failure on the idea of ​​suicide through the mediating role of trapping was significant (β = 0.12). Mental rumination also significantly moderated the relationship between failure and entrapment, accounting for 0.29% of the variance of entrapment. Regarding the moderating role of negative and positive Hopelessness, the results showed that Hopelessness moderated the relationship between entrapping and the idea of ​​suicide, and 2.73% and 1.17% of the variance of the idea of ​​suicide were related to negative and positive Hopelessness. These findings are a preliminary step towards elucidating the behavioral mechanisms of suicide and its consequences in Iranian society.

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The aim of the present study was to evaluate the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between identity styles and adolescent self-harming behaviors. The present study is considered as fundamental research in terms of aim and correlational in terms of research method. A total number of 247 adolescents aged 14-16 years old were selected among high school students in Karaj who were studying in public schools in the academic year of 2020-2021. They were evaluated using Identity Style Inventory (ISI) (Berzonsky, 1989), self-compassion scale (SCS) (Neff, 2003), and Inventory of Statements About Self-injury (ISAS) (Klonsky & Glenn, 2009) online and through virtual networks. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and simultaneous and hierarchical regression by Baron and Kenny (1986) and SPSS-25 software. Results revealed a negative relationship between normative identity, informational identity, with self-harming behaviors and a significant positive relationship between normative identity, informational identity, and self-compassion (P<0.01). the significant negative relationship between diffuse-avoidant identity, and self-harming behaviors and positive relationship with self-compassion (P <0.01), and significant negative relationship between self-harming behaviors and self-compassion (P <0.01), and it was also found that self-compassion mediates the relationship between identity styles (diffuse-avoidant, normative, and informational identity) and self-harming behaviors. According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that identity and compassion styles as one of the factors enhancing mental health reduce self-harming behaviors in adolescents. Thus, targeting important variables such as identity styles and self-compassion can be helpful in preventing and reducing adolescents' self-harming behaviors.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of narrative therapy with emphasis on innovative moments on resilience in adolescent girls with non-suicidal self-harm. This research is a quasi-experimental type and a post-test pre-test design with an experimental and control group. The statistical population included all female students with non-suicidal self-harm in the secondary schools of Bonab city in the academic year of 2019-20. For this purpose, after administering Gratz's (2001) intentional self-harm questionnaire (DSHI), and Connor-Davidson's (2003) resilience scale (CD-RISC) 30 students with a history of self-harming behaviors and low resilience were selected with a Purposeful sampling method and randomly assigned into two groups. (Experiment and Control). The experimental group was exposed to 10 sessions of narrative therapy based on the White and Epston (1990) program, and the control group did not receive any intervention. After the intervention and one month later, a post-test was performed for both groups. Due to the nature of the research, the data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Findings showed that narrative therapy with emphasis on innovative moments had a significant and positive effect on increasing resilience (p <0.01). According to the findings of the present study, it can be said that narrative therapy with emphasis on innovative moments, is a suitable intervention method to increase resilience in girls with self-harm without suicidal ideation.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the role of attachment to parents and the perception of love trauma: mediated by maladaptive schemas domain of disconnection and rejection. This study was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of this study included all single people with experience of emotional failure referred to the counseling centers of Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran university, and Roodehen Islamic Azad University in 2021, by convenience sampling method 200 people participated as a sample. Data collection was performed using the short version of the Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ-SF) (Young, 1998), Inventory for Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA) (Armsden & Greenberg, 1987), and Love Trauma Inventory (LTI) (Rosse, 1999). The method of analysis of this research was the structural equation model. After modifying the model and eliminating non-significant relationships, the results showed that communication with parents has a negative effect on love trauma. Also, trust in parents and alienation from parents have a direct and significant effect on the schemas of exclusion. Rejection schemas have a positive and significant effect on love trauma. The results also showed that trust in parents and alienation from parents through the mediation of exclusion schemas have significant negative and positive effects on love trauma, respectively (P<0.05). From the above findings, it can be concluded that love trauma was influenced by attachment to parents and maladaptive schemas domain of disconnection and rejection, so it is recommended to implement therapeutic interventions to improve these factors.

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The aim of the present study was to construct and validate the Scale of possible harms in major selection for university admission. The research method used in this study was the mixed method and the statistical population was the incoming students of Tabriz University and Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in the 2021-2022 academic year. In the qualitative section, a sample of 24 students from the departments of humanities, engineering, basic sciences, and medical sciences were purposefully selected and interviewed. Then, in the quantitative part of this study and the initial study, 188 students and in the final implementation 375 students from educational departments were selected by stratified cluster sampling. The results of internal consistency validation based on Cronbach's alpha were 0.83. Studies related to the validity of the content, the prediction, and the structure of the scale of the damages of the process of choosing the field of the entrance to the university showed the validity of the mentioned scale. Findings from exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis showed that the harms of harms in major selection for university admission consist of three main factors: personal harms, social harms, and structural and managerial harms. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the 19-item form of the Injury Scale in the process of choosing a university entry course for Iranian students has sufficient validity and reliability.

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The present study aims to compare the effectiveness of art therapy and cognitive-behavioral play therapy on preschool children's anxiety. The design of the study was a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group. The statistical population of the study included all children aged 5-6 years who were referred to the Neday-e Aramesh-e Ravan Counseling Clinic in the 2nd district of Tehran from mid-October to mid-January 2022. A total of 45 children were randomly selected and placed in two experimental groups and one control group (n=15) Then, the children of the first and second experimental groups underwent art therapy and cognitive-behavioral play therapy for 10 and 12 sessions, respectively. To collect data, the parental form of the preschool anxiety scale (PAS) (Spence et al., 2001) was used. Data analysis was done by multivariate covariance analysis in SPSS-23 software. The results revealed that by controlling the effect of the pre-test, there is a significant difference between the average scores of the post-test in the three groups of art therapy, cognitive-behavioral play therapy, and the control group (P<0.001), but there is no significant difference between the effects of these two methods (P>0.05). Thus, it can be concluded that by using each of the intervention methods of art therapy and cognitive-behavioral play therapy, an important step was taken in reducing the negative consequences caused by anxiety in children.

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This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of meaning therapy on self-efficacy and academic engagement in depressed high school students. The research method employed was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group, including a three-month follow-up period. The statistical population comprised all depressed students in girls' high schools in Khomein City during the academic year 2021-2022. A sample of 30 individuals was randomly selected, with 15 in each group (experimental and control group) using the purposeful sampling method. For the intervention, the general self-efficacy scale (GSE, Scherer et al., 1982), the academic engagement scale (AES, Zerang, 2012), and a 12-session protocol (one 90-minute session per week) of Hotzel (2002) meaning therapy were utilized. Data analysis was conducted using analysis of variance with repeated measurements. The results indicated a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test stages of self-efficacy (p<0.001) and the follow-up pre-test (p<0.001). Similarly, a significant difference was observed between the pre-test and post-test stages of academic engagement (p<0.001) and the follow-up pre-test (p<0.001), highlighting the effectiveness of the intervention. Therefore, the use of meaning therapy can contribute to an increase in self-efficacy and academic engagement in depressed students.

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As sport courage has become a prominent and strategic psychological concept in the success of athletes this study aimed to qualitatively investigate sport courage among Iranian wrestlers using the thematic analysis method. The research was conducted in April, May, and June 2023  in Sari City. Fifteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with Iranian wrestlers. Snowball sampling was used to facilitate communication with champion wrestlers. In total, seventeen basic themes, five organizing themes, and one  Global theme were categorized. The Global theme was sports courage, which includes the organizing themes of transcendence, assertiveness, skill, self-regulation, and altruism. The theme of transcendence, which focuses on progress and self-improvement, includes the basic themes (originality, austerity, trust in God, and death awareness). The theme of assertiveness focuses on basic themes (decisiveness, subjectivity, responsibility, and self-confidence). The theme of skill has emphasized the basic themes of expertise, resilience, communication, and self-talk. The theme of self-regulation has emphasized the basic themes (self-discipline and self-control ) and finally, the theme of altruism refers to the basic themes (empathy, compassion, and beneficence). The prominent role of culture and beliefs in the theme of transcendence has been the main contribution of this research. Because no other research mentioned it.

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The purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy on object relations and marital relationship quality in men and women with remarriage. the methodology was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and control with follow-up. The statistical population included men and women with remarriage referring to the counseling center of Behzei in Tehran in 2022. Through purposeful sampling, 30 participants who met the inclusion criteria were selected and randomly assigned to two groups of EFT or control (n₁=n₂=15(. research tools were the questionnaires of Bell & et al, 's object relations (BORI) and Busby & et al, 's marital relationship quality (RDAS), which were administered in three stages for two groups and EFT to the experimental group during ten weekly, 90-minute sessions and data were analyzed using mixed model repeated measures analysis variance. Results showed that EFT effect on decreasing object relations and increasing marital relationship quality and this effect remained stable in follow-up (P<0.001). Therefore, EFT can decrease object relations in men and women with remarriage and increase their marital relationship quality. 

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The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of narrative therapy on family cohesion and marital intimacy of Conflicted couples. The study employed a semi-experimental design with a pre-test-post-test control group and a three-month follow-up. The statistical population included all couples referred to the Happy Life and Mobin Counseling Centers of Tabriz through to marital conflicts in 1402. Among them, 16 couples were selected through purposeful sampling and randomly divided into two groups (8 in the control group and 8 in the experimental group). The experimental group received educational interventions in narrative therapy, which was administered in 10 sessions and once a week. Data were collected using the Samani Family Cohesion Scale (FCQ, 1381) and the Bagaroozi Marital Intimacy Questionnaire (MIQ, 2001). Analysis of variance with repeated measurements was used to analyze the data. The study's findings showed a significant difference between the post-test mean of marital intimacy and family cohesion in the experimental and control groups (P<0.05). In addition, the results showed that narrative therapy was able to maintain its effect significantly over time (P<0.05). The findings indicate that narrative therapy can be used as an effective approach to increase marital intimacy and family cohesion.