Rooyesh-e- Ravanshenasi Journal(RRJ)

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In recent years, due to the increase in divorce statistics in the country, the regard to the consequences of this phenomenon have been extended to those who have experienced it. Therefore, the purpose of this study is a qualitative study of divorce consequences for divorced people. This study is a phenomenological qualitative study in which 20 participants (8 males and 12 females) were selected using purposive sampling. Deep and exploratory interviewing method was used to collect data, and this process continued to the saturation stage. The consequences of divorce include 12 sub-themes, which are classified in three main themes: 1. social and cultural consequences; 2. economic and financial consequences; 3. personal and emotional outcomes. The results of this study have many achievements in counseling centers and divorce professionals. Understanding the Divorce Experience As described in this study, it can help couples and experts involved in this phenomenon to make decisions and interventions based on culture and sexuality.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Consolidated Couple Therapy on marital forgiveness of couples. The present study was a semi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population of this study was all couples who referred to Zanjan health centers in 1397. The sample consisted of 20 couples (40 people) selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly divided into two groups: experimental (10 couples) and control (10 couples). To investigate marital forgiveness, the "forgiveness" measure in the family (Pollard, 1998) was used. The couples in the experimental group received 8 combined paired therapy sessions, while the control group's couples did not receive any interventions. For analyzing the data, covariance analysis was performed using SPSS software. The results showed that in the post-test stage, the mean scores of couples' marital forgiveness in the experimental group were significantly increased compared to the control group (P <0.01). Therefore, Consolidated Couple Therapy is effective in improving couples' marital forgiveness.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the role of emotional self-awareness, referral thinking, and mental vitality in predicting relapse in women using drugs. This research was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this study was women who used drugs referring to harm reduction centers and night shelters in Tehran, District 12. Among them, 60 people who were on withdrawal for a maximum of two weeks were selected by purposive sampling. Research tools included the Addiction Return Prediction Questionnaire (Wright, 1993), Emotional Self-Awareness (Grant et al., 2002), Reference Thinking (Ering, 2010), and Mental Vitality (Ryan and Frederick, 1997). Pearson correlation test and simultaneous linear regression were used to analyze the data. Findings showed that returning to addiction had a positive and significant relationship with referral thinking (repetitive negative thoughts, perceived dysfunction, and mental capacity capture) and a negative and significant relationship with emotional self-awareness (recognition, identification, communication, problem-solving, environmentalism) and mental vitality (P <0.05). Regression results also showed that recognition (-0.38), communication (-0.20), problem solving (-0.26), repetitive negative thoughts (0.22), perceived inefficiency (0.40), mental capacity capture (0.31) and mental vitality (-0.38) predict a return to addiction. Given the role of emotional self-awareness, referral thinking, and mental vitality in predicting a return to addiction in women drug users, it is necessary to conduct workshops based on these concepts to people who are quitting drugs.

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Based on the shortcomings and gaps observed, especially in the research literature of Iran, the main purpose of this study was to use a qualitative approach to deeply understand the lived experience of happy Iranian couples in life. This qualitative research was conducted using a The grounded theory approach. Participants were 41 happy couples living in Zanjan who were purposefully selected based on the results of Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire and family counseling interview. The data collection method was a semi-structured interview. The results of the analysis identified four general themes and thirteen underlying factors for marital happiness experience including appropriate context (families, marriage readiness, financial resources), adaptive beliefs (realistic expectations, belief in understanding and acceptance, commitment and monitoring of commitment), relationship-strengthening behaviors (companionship and joint activity, communication skills, problem-solving, support, responsibility) and positive feelings (excitement, positive feeling, Aesthetics, Kindness). The themes identified in the present study, due to their relationship with theoretical foundations and their high abstraction, in addition to comprehensiveness, have a theoretical structure related to the body of knowledge and existing theories. The extracted components in the present study are explained from the perspective of cognitive-behavioral theory.

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In order to identify the underlying values ​​of choosing a spouse, this study has studied the experience of individuals on the verge of marriage. The present research has been done with a qualitative approach and with the grounded theory method. Participants in this study included 21 couples on the verge of marriage in Karaj who was selected by the purposeful selection method based on the principle of saturation. The data collection method in this study was a semi-structured interview with open and standardized questions and the data were analyzed and classified according to the approach of Strauss and Corbin's underlying theory. The findings showed the values ​​of the participants in choosing a spouse in 5 central categories: "criteria, expectations, goals, responsibility, and meaning". The central category of "criteria" has 6 dimensions: "moral virtues, personality and behavioral characteristics, emotional relationships, fit and similarity, physical attractiveness and the way of acquaintance", the central category of "expectations" has 3 dimensions of "being together, having a good family and issues" "Sex", the central category of "goals" has 5 dimensions: "Marriage needs, marriage concerns, peace and security, completion and change and formation of the family", the central category of "responsibility" with 1 dimension of "cooperation for material and spiritual independence" and the category " Meaning is dimensionless. The result of this research was the discovery of a core category called "love of the content of life" which explains the 5 central categories of values ​​in order to choose the right and conscious choice of a spouse.

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The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy on marital adjustment and intimacy of women with marital conflicts. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with the control group. The statistical population of this study included all women with marital conflicts who had referred to counseling centers in Tehran to resolve their family disputes In the six months of autumn and winter 2020, using the Sanai and Barati Marital Conflict Questionnaire (2008). Thirty women with marital conflicts were purposefully selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (15 in each group). They answered the Lock-Wallace (1959) Marital Adjustment Questionnaire (LWMAT) and the Walker & Thompson (1983) Marital Intimacy Questionnaire (MIS). The experimental group was trained in 8 sessions of 60 minutes (once a week) of dialectical behavior therapy techniques based on Linhan's (1970) training package. Data were analyzed using a multivariate analysis of covariance. Findings showed that the effectiveness of dialectical therapy on marital adjustment (P<0/01, F=17/79) and intimacy of women (P<0/01, F=14/82) with marital conflicts has been confirmed (P <0.05) and women with marital conflicts in the experimental group compared to women with marital conflicts in the control group. After the test, they had significantly more marital adjustment and intimacy (P <0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that dialectical behavior therapy is effective in increasing the marital adjustment and intimacy of couples.

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The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the mediator role of resilience in the relationship between religious attitude and locus of control with psychological well-being in elderly women. The descriptive-correlational research was of structural equation modeling type. The statistical population included elderly women 60 to 80 years old, members of the Center for the Elderly of the 12th District of Tehran Municipal Health Department in 1400. 200 of these people were selected by available sampling method. Data collection tool Riff Psychological Well-Being Scale (RSPWB, 1980). Religious Attitude (RAS, Khodayari Fard et al., 1379), Rother's Resource-Control (RLOC, 1966). Conner and Davidson Resilience (CD-RISC, 2003). Structural equation modeling method was used for data analysis. The obtained goodness-of-fit indices indicated an acceptable fit of the modified model with the data. The results showed that the path coefficient between resilience and psychological well-being (p<0.01) was positive and significant. Also, religious attitude (p>0.05) and source of control (p>0.01) both directly and indirectly through resilience (p>0.01) affect psychological well-being in The elderly predicted. From the findings of this research, it can be concluded that religious attitude and resource-control with the mediation of resilience have a positive and effective role in improving the psychological well-being of elderly women. It is also important to pay attention to educational planning to create insight and recognition of the source-control of elderly women and to direct them towards the internal source-control and to increase resilience and promote their religious beliefs.