Rooyesh-e- Ravanshenasi Journal(RRJ)

---

The present study aims to compare the effects of Adlerian group counseling and reality therapy on well-being in students of middle school in Tehran city. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population consisted of all-female high school students in public schools in Tehran in the academic year 2019-2020. Using the purposive sampling method, 45 participants were selected and then randomly divided into three 15-individual groups. The first experimental group received ten 90-minute sessions of the Adlerian counseling training program and the second experimental group participated in ten 90-minute sessions of reality therapy counseling training program. Research instruments the Self-Efficacy Scale (Scheier and Carver 1982). Research data were analyzed using ANCOVA. The results showed that there is a difference between the first experimental group of Adlerian group counseling, the second experimental group of reality therapy, and the control group in psychological well-being (P˃0.001). Adlerian group counseling had a higher effect on Self-efficacy than reality therapy. Therefore, Adlerian group counseling is an effective way to increase students'

---

Marriage enrichment programs bring many positive results such as physical health, mental health, and the growth and development of family members. The purpose of this study was to systematically review communication enrichment and marriage checkup program. The method of the present study was qualitative and documentary in terms of design. Since the initial stage of any systematic review includes a complete and regular search of the existing and related background, for this purpose, the field of study was a collection of published works in the form of Persian and English articles and dissertations. Keywords marriage checkup, Relationship enrichment program, Couple relationships checkup, Marriage program and Working whit couple at Google scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, pro quest, sage, Wiley, Psychinfo, Noormagz, Magiran, Sid, Irandoc were searched during the period 1398-1385 (2019-2000). A total of 45 Persian and English studies were reviewed. The studies were a combination of qualitative and quantitative research. Findings showed three important variables relationship regulation, intimacy building, and health improvement in communication enrichment and marriage checkup program. There were also fourteen subscription issues and eleven differentiation issues were extracted from these programs. The results of the research showed that couples' empowerment programs such as marriage checkup programs and relationship enrichment programs, while having very important commonalities and differences, also affect various variables.

---

In order to identify the underlying values ​​of choosing a spouse, this study has studied the experience of individuals on the verge of marriage. The present research has been done with a qualitative approach and with the grounded theory method. Participants in this study included 21 couples on the verge of marriage in Karaj who was selected by the purposeful selection method based on the principle of saturation. The data collection method in this study was a semi-structured interview with open and standardized questions and the data were analyzed and classified according to the approach of Strauss and Corbin's underlying theory. The findings showed the values ​​of the participants in choosing a spouse in 5 central categories: "criteria, expectations, goals, responsibility, and meaning". The central category of "criteria" has 6 dimensions: "moral virtues, personality and behavioral characteristics, emotional relationships, fit and similarity, physical attractiveness and the way of acquaintance", the central category of "expectations" has 3 dimensions of "being together, having a good family and issues" "Sex", the central category of "goals" has 5 dimensions: "Marriage needs, marriage concerns, peace and security, completion and change and formation of the family", the central category of "responsibility" with 1 dimension of "cooperation for material and spiritual independence" and the category " Meaning is dimensionless. The result of this research was the discovery of a core category called "love of the content of life" which explains the 5 central categories of values ​​in order to choose the right and conscious choice of a spouse.

---

This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of group counseling based on reality therapy on academic resilience and academic procrastination in students with visual impairment. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all visually impaired students in Tehran in the academic year 2020-2021, of which 30 people, 15 people in the control group, and 15 people in the experimental group were selected through available sampling. They were randomly placed in two groups. To collect data, Solomon and Rothblom's Procrastination Assessment Scale - Student (PASS, 1984), Samuels's academic resilience (ARI, 2004), and Glasser's reality therapy protocol (2010) were used during 8 sessions of 90 minutes in person. To analyze the data, the multivariate covariance test was used. The research findings showed that by controlling the effect of the pre-test, there was a significant difference at the level of 0.05 between the average of the post-test of academic resilience and academic procrastination in the two experimental and control groups. As a result, the educational method of reality therapy can be used as one of the new positive approaches to improve the academic performance of visually impaired students with relatively stable effects, to increase academic resilience.

---

Divorce of parents is a fateful and risky incident in a child's life. The present study seeks to identify and classify the psychological injuries of divorced children. For this purpose, 3296 documents were retrieved from the Iranian scientific databases including Magiran, SID, Noormags, and Ensani from 2006 to 2023. Then, using the CASP evaluation checklist, 26 documents were selected and analyzed. The findings led to the extraction of 42 criteria to explain the psychological damage of children of divorce, and its classification in the form of 2 intrapersonal (26 criteria) and interpersonal (16 criteria) dimensions. Among the identified criteria, children of divorce are more likely to face a decrease in mental health and self-esteem and an increase in anxiety, anger, and aggression, and they suffer from problems such as incompatibility, depression, sadness, isolation, and loneliness. These psychological injuries are the source of many social problems and dysfunctions, and lack of attention can cause double risks. The continuation of the alarming, exponential and sometimes exponential trend of divorce statistics and the continuation of the current approaches, decision-making, decisions, and actions, which are mainly formal, passive, reactive, insular, and fragmentary, can not only face serious risks to individual and family health but also the foundation of Islamic culture. It brings double damage to Iran in terms of public and national security. It seems that the continuation of this dangerous trend is the biggest soft threat to society, which seriously threatens the foundation, health, growth, and stability of Islamic-Iranian culture.