Rooyesh-e- Ravanshenasi Journal(RRJ)

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There are no accurate statistics on marital infidelity. However, undoubtedly in all societies, marriage is founded on a contract in which the partners commit to stay faithful to each other. Marital infidelity occurs when one of the partners, who had already committed to monogamy, secretly violates the commitment. Focusing on the important role of family members, research shows that family education in combination with CBT techniques has desired effects on treatment of sexual disorders, especially marital infidelity and sexual variety seeking. The current study intended to investigate the efficacy of family therapy combined with CBT techniques on treatment of sexual variety seeking. The present research utilized a case study design, in which several variables are studied among a small number of subjects. In the current study, three subjects aged 28, 28, and 48 years, and diagnosed with having the desire for sexual variety were studied and treated. Findings indicated the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral family therapy on termination of extramarital affairs, and return to marital interactions. Follow-up visits confirmed that the clients have still stayed committed to their marital life, and no infidelity and extramarital affairs were reported. Consistency of the results of the current research with those of the prior studies was also discussed in detail.

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The present study was conducted to examine the effects of PAIRS (Practical Application of Intimate Relationship Skills) program on pregnant women’s marital satisfaction. This semi-experimental research was organized in a pretest-posttest design with control group. The sample of the study included 24 couples expecting child who had scored low in ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale. These couples were randomly assigned to experimental group and control group (12 couple each). Before intervention, both groups were assessed. The experimental group received Practical Application of Intimate Relationship Skills Program training for 8 sessions; while the control group did not receive any intervention. After the training sessions, posttest was administered for both groups and the data was analyzed through covariance analysis. Findings showed that PAIRS training has been effective on pregnant women’s marital satisfaction in a way that this program has helped general satisfaction increase and it has reduced the marital conflicts. Incorporating of this package in pregnancy care centers’ prenatal care programs may improve marital satisfaction in couples expecting child and it consequently helps women mentally prepare for childbearing.

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The current paper has introduced sensemaking as one of the concepts emerging from cognitive sciences. Also, attempts have been made to explore the practical implications of this concept in industrial and organizational psychology. Sensemaking has been regarded as an effort toward systematic and logical understanding of events through which individuals make sense of their environmental phenomena. This process facilitates the understanding of spontaneous changes in external environment and in turn results in having appropriate reactions. In developed countries, the theoretical concepts and practical implications of sensemaking have recently been turned out as important and strategic themes in industrial and organizational psychology. In this paper, first, the conceptualization of sensemaking has been dealt with; and then, the components differentiating it from other processes have been taken into consideration. Additionally, some practical implications of sensemaking in industrial and organizational psychology have been reviewed. In this regard, the implications of sensemaking in reducing job burn-out, promoting job satisfaction, and increasing occupational motivation in organizations have been mentioned. Ultimately, the possible challenges has been illuminated.

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In this paper, Dervin’s sense-making methodology as one of the well-known theories in communication science is introduced and its implications for humanities research process is discussed. Sensemaking is the process of constructing mental framework out of encountered situations in such a way that guides behaviors and makes them meaningful. Despite the diversity of theoretical domains, existing sensemaking models consider sensemaking an essential component of human actions, especially in expertise-oriented fields. Dervin’s sense-making methodology is one of the two frontiers in this area. This metatheory includes a set of philosophical assumptions about human nature and the essence of human communication, and it presents a methodology based on those assumptions. Sense-making methodology has a critical approach to conventional research methods in human sciences and strives for maintaining advantages of both qualitative and quantitative methodologies by focusing on the complexity of human communication; nevertheless, it takes steps toward establishing communication axioms, which result in a very flexible methodology that could be utilized in a variety of human sciences. In the current paper, Dervin’s sense-making methodology is elaborated both in metatheoretical and methodological levels; then, some of the studies employing this methodology are mentioned. Finally, its epistemological approach to humanities studies is discussed.

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The present paper makes some attempts to provide a psychological reading of Prophet Muhammad’s Night Journey, introducing it as a perfect example of the psychological and spiritual flourishing model. Although some flourishing models have been formerly proposed by psychologists like Maslow, Rogers, Jung, and Freud, they have merely emphasized self-actualization and individuation which seem somehow ambiguous constructs that have not been deeply explained. To accomplish the current study, in addition to the Holy Quran, Ahadith, and Miraj-Namehs, the mystical texts and the constructs of depth psychology were scrutinized. Through an analytical approach, it was demonstrated that the inner sense of Mohammad’s ascent to heaven might refer to human's relationship with Self and the actualization of innate flourishing potentials. Flourishing requires transcending and going through mystical stages symbolized as Seven Heavens. Together with the heavenly journey, as the vertical flight of the purified soul, the earthly journey from Kaaba to Jerusalem (horizontal journey) was also analyzed. Ultimately, the Night Journey can be introduced as a novel model of flourishing in positive psychology from Islamic perspective; and it may be approached through field research and historical research in future studies.

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This article is a Farsi language translation of an English language article published in the Journal of Behavioral Public Administration [https://journal-bpa.org/index.php/jbpa/article/view/147] by Lunn et al. (2020) under a CC BY 4.0 license [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0]

This rapid, narrative review summarizes useful evidence from behavioral science for fighting the COVID-19 outbreak. We undertook an extensive, multi-disciplinary literature search covering five issues: handwashing, face touching, self-isolation, public-spirited behavior, and responses to crisis communication. The search identified more than 100 relevant papers. We find effective behavioral interventions to increase handwashing, but not to reduce face touching. Social supports and behavioral plans can reduce the negative psychological effects of isolation, potentially reducing the disincentive to isolate. Public-spirited behavior is more likely with frequent communication of what is “best for all”, strong group identity, and social disapproval of noncompliance. Effective crisis communication involves speed, honesty, credibility, empathy, and promoting useful individual actions. Risks are probably best communicated through numbers, with ranges to describe uncertainty – simply stating a maximum may bias public perception. The findings aim to be useful not only for government and public health authorities, but for organizations and communities.

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In order to identify the underlying values ​​of choosing a spouse, this study has studied the experience of individuals on the verge of marriage. The present research has been done with a qualitative approach and with the grounded theory method. Participants in this study included 21 couples on the verge of marriage in Karaj who was selected by the purposeful selection method based on the principle of saturation. The data collection method in this study was a semi-structured interview with open and standardized questions and the data were analyzed and classified according to the approach of Strauss and Corbin's underlying theory. The findings showed the values ​​of the participants in choosing a spouse in 5 central categories: "criteria, expectations, goals, responsibility, and meaning". The central category of "criteria" has 6 dimensions: "moral virtues, personality and behavioral characteristics, emotional relationships, fit and similarity, physical attractiveness and the way of acquaintance", the central category of "expectations" has 3 dimensions of "being together, having a good family and issues" "Sex", the central category of "goals" has 5 dimensions: "Marriage needs, marriage concerns, peace and security, completion and change and formation of the family", the central category of "responsibility" with 1 dimension of "cooperation for material and spiritual independence" and the category " Meaning is dimensionless. The result of this research was the discovery of a core category called "love of the content of life" which explains the 5 central categories of values ​​in order to choose the right and conscious choice of a spouse.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of reality therapy on marital conflict and the severity of Disability in women with Multiple Sclerosis. This is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design and a control group. The statistical population of the study included all female patients with MS referred to the MS Society and specialized clinics in Qazvin in the third quarter of 2018 Among them, 24 people were selected by a convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to two groups of experimental and control (12 in each group). The experimental group received reality therapy training in 8 sessions of 90-75 minutes per week. However, the control group did not receive any intervention. The data collection tool was the Marital Conflict Questionnaire (Sanaei et al., 1996), and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) (Kurtzke, 1983). multivariate analysis of covariance and SPSS-18 software was used to analyze the data. Results revealed that reality therapy significantly reduced marital conflicts in women with MS (P<0.01) and severity of Disability (P<0/01). According to the results, reality therapy can be used by therapists and expert counselors to improve the marital relationships and severity of Disability of women with MS.

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Cybercrime is a growing and worrisome problem, particularly when it involves minors. Cyberaggression among adolescents in particular can result in negative legal and psychological consequences for the people involved. Therefore, it is important to have instruments to detect these incidents early and understand the problem to propose effective measures for prevention and treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Cyber-Aggression Questionnaire for Adolescents (CYBA). In this descriptive-survey study, among the girl and boy students of the second grade of high school in Ahvaz in the academic year 2018-19, a sample of 300 students was selected by multi-stage random sampling method (stratified) and answered the questionnaire of the Cyber-Aggression Questionnaire for Adolescents (Álvarez-García et al., 2016). The reliability of the questionnaire was determined by Cronbach's alpha, Spearman-Brown split-half, and Guttman methods, and its validity and factor structure were determined by construct validity and concurrent validity methods. Cronbach's alpha coefficients, Spearman-Brown split-half and Guttman correlation for the whole questionnaire were 0.94, 0.94, and 0.93, respectively. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model of measuring cyber-aggression for adolescents has good fitness and its 4-factor structure was confirmed (CFI=0.86, GFI=0.85, and RMSEA=0.079). The concurrent validity of this questionnaire was also confirmed by correlating its items with the items of the European Cyberbullying Intervention Project Questionnaire (ECIPQ) and the Bullying in School Scale (BS) (p<0.05). Therefore, the CYBA offers a valid and reliable measure of cyber aggression in adolescents.

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The aim of this research was to investigate the role of psychological disturbances and cognitive flexibility in predicting the psychological well-being of adolescents in the era of Corona. The method of this research was descriptive-correlational. The study community included all high school students in the 6th district of Tehran in 2019-2020, among them 295 students were selected as samples by available sampling. The data were collected using Ryff Scales (1989) for Psychological well-being (PWB), Dennis and Vanderwaal's (2010) cognitive flexibility questionnaire (CFI), and Lovibond and Lovibond's (1995) Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scales (DASS). Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. Findings showed that psychological disturbances, that is, anxiety, depression, and stress have a negative relationship with the psychological well-being of adolescents during the Corona era (p<0/01), while there was a positive relationship between cognitive flexibility and psychological well-being (p<0/01). 46% of the total variance in the psychological well-being of adolescents during the Corona era was explained by psychological disturbances and cognitive flexibility (p<0/01). Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the psychological well-being of adolescents during the Corona era is influenced by their cognitive flexibility level and the psychological disturbances they experience during this period.

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The present study investigated the mediating role of cognitive control and goal orientation relationship between spiritual intelligence and conscientiousness with flow experience. The research method was descriptive-correlation based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population included Farhangian University of Guilan students in 2022-2023. Some 450 students were selected using the convenience sampling method. The research tools include goal orientation (AGQ) (1999), conscientiousness subscale from Neo's five-factor (PI-R) (1992), flow experience (1996), spiritual intelligence (2017) cognitive control (CCFQ) (2018). Structural equation analysis was used to analyze the data. The results showed the optimal fit of the research model. The result showed that spiritual intelligence and conscientiousness have a significant direct effect on flow (P<0/01), Spiritual intelligence and conscientiousness do not have an indirect impact on the flow through goal orientation (P> 0.05). These results show that cognitive control can explain the flow due to the role of spiritual intelligence and conscientiousness.

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This research aimed to study the mediating role of agency in the relationship between the perception of professors' credibility and student teachers' attitudes toward the teaching profession. The research method was the descriptive-correlation type of structural equation modeling. The statistical population included 1364 student teachers from 2020 to 2022 in Kurdistan Farhangian University campuses In the academic year 2023-2024, a sample of 275 people was selected from among them by systematic random sampling. Data collection tools were three questionnaires; teacher credibility (TCS, McCroskey & Teven, 1999); students' agency (AUSS, Jääskelä et al, 2016), and attitude towards the teaching profession (STATPS, Win & New, 2020). The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by referring to experts' opinions and their reliability by referring to Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data analysis was done with structural equation modeling by SPSS and Lisrel software. The findings showed that the model is a good fit. The effect of credibility on student agency (p<.05) and student agency on attitude towards the teaching profession was significant (p<.05). Based on the findings, student teachers' agency plays a mediating role in the relationship between perceptions of teacher's credibility and attitudes toward the teaching profession (p<.05). According to research findings, efforts by instructors to improve the attitudes of student-teachers towards the teaching profession are contingent upon enhancing their sense of agency.

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The current research aims to determine the effectiveness of parenting based on acceptance and commitment to the experiential avoidance and sense of competence of mothers of children with ADHD. The research method was a semi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test with a control group. The statistical population included all mothers with 8- to 10-year-old girls with ADHD who were studying in Isfahan primary schools in the academic year of 2022-2023. 30 children were selected in a purposive sampling way and were randomly divided into two groups of 15 people, experimental and control, and the mothers of the experimental group received parenting intervention based on acceptance and commitment for two and a half months and during 10 sessions of 90 minutes. To collect data, the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire – version 2 (AAQ-2; Bond et al., 2011) and the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSOCS; Gibaud-Wallston & Wandersman, 1978) were used. To analyze the data, the multivariate covariance test (MANCOVA) was used. The findings of the research showed that by controlling the pre-test effect, there was a significant difference between the post-test average in the variables of experiential avoidance and sense of competence in the experimental and control groups (P<0.05). As a result, parenting based on acceptance and commitment is an effective intervention in reducing experiential avoidance and improving the sense of competence of mothers of children with ADHD.