Rooyesh-e- Ravanshenasi Journal(RRJ)

Personality disorders are considered as inflexible and incompatible styles in relation to the environment. Individuals with these types of disorders, in spite of their warmth and friendly look , are prone to commit illegal and criminal activities. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the status of personality disorders in prisoners. To this end, 182 male prisoners confined in Lorestan Central Prison, were randomly selected and evaluated using Milon 3 (MCMI-111) questionnaire. Then, data gathered from Milon 3 questionnaire was evaluated in Milon 3 application in order to determine the Br score. To analyze the data, One-way ANOVA and Independent –Samples t-test were applied. The findings indicated that there was a statistically significant difference between individuals with different crimes in drug addiction personality with 99% confidence, antisocial personality disorder and Sadistic personality with 95% confidence level. The findings also showed that antisocial personality disorder, drug addiction and avoidant personality disorder were mostly found in thieves. Moreover, in comparing personality disorders among individuals with different incarceration rates, only depression personality disorder in the studied groups was found to be statistically significant with 95% confidence level. Furthermore, the results of the Independent –Samples t-test which compared personality disorders in single and married individuals showed that Sadistic personality disorders and depression, with 95% confidence level, were more significant in single than married prisoners.

Purpose of the study: This study aimed to investigate the effect of prior learning experienes on later learning(The role of previous experience in the transfer of learning) by comparing Maze learning speed in mice with and without Maze experiences.

Methodology: The research project used an experimental design (post-test design with a control group). The study consisted of a sample of 14 rats that were studied in two groups of 7 each (experimental and control). The experiment was conducted in two phases: In the first phase, the experimental groups’ rats gained learning experiences in Mazes 1 to 8, while the control group did not experience these 8 Mazes. In the second phase, both experimental and control groups started gaining experience in Mazes 9 to 12. Then, the learning speed (reduction of errors to reach the goal) in both experimental and control group was compared in Mazes 9 to 12.

 Results: The results showed that the mice with learning experience had higher learning speed than the mice without learning experience, and with the increase in Maze experiences, new Mazes were learned with fewer errors.

Conclusion: The results showed that having a prior experience with a situation or a stimulant, tends to affect performance and learning transfer in new situations. So that will facilitate learning and transfer speed of learning in new situations.