Rooyesh-e- Ravanshenasi Journal(RRJ)

---

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy with mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, on self-control and emotional flexibility in women with compulsive buying. The method of the present study was Semi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of the study was all women aged 20-45 years in Rasht in the first half of 2020 that 45 people were identified through random sampling through screening (15 people acceptance and commitment therapy; 15 people mind-based cognitive therapy Awareness and 15 controls). Each experimental group received 8 training sessions of 90 minutes of therapeutic intervention. Data collection tools included the Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Scale (Faber & O'guinn, 1992), the Self-Control Scale Tangney, Baumeister & Boone (2004), and the Emotional Flexibility Questionnaire (Taghizadeh and Mohebipour, 2017). The collected data were analyzed by analysis of covariance and El-Matrix post hoc test. According to the research findings, both treatments had a significant effect on improving self-control and emotional resilience in women with obsessive-compulsive disorder (P<0.01). Also, the results of the post hoc test showed that the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on the variables of emotional flexibility (all components) (P<0.024) and self-control (P<0.025) was greater than cognitive therapy based on mindfulness. The results emphasize the importance of using both therapies to improve self-control and emotional resilience in women with obsessive-compulsive disorder by psychotherapists.

---

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on self-control and flexibility of body image in obese patients. The method of this study was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design. The statistical population of the study included all obese patients who volunteered for the sleeve and gastric bypass surgery referred to Tehran Obesity Treatment Center in 2020 from January to February. The sample of the present study included 30 patients (15 in the experimental group, 15 in the control group) that were selected by the convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The research tools included the self-control questionnaire (Tanji et al, 2004) and the body image flexibility questionnaire (Sands et al, 2013). Acceptance and commitment therapy was performed for the experimental group for 10 90-minutes sessions two days a week. The results of the multivariate analysis of covariance showed that acceptance and commitment therapy significantly increased self-control and flexibility of mental image in obese patients. It is recommended to use acceptance and commitment therapy along with other interventions to promote self-control and flexibility of mental image in obese patients.

---

The 24-item Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (DAS-24) is a short version of the scale with a similar name, which is utilized to measure depressogenic negative attitudes.  Although this measure was utilized in many countries it has not been validated in Iran. The main aim of the present research was to study the factorial structure and psychometric properties of  DAS-24. The research method is correlational and validation. The sample size consisted of 1416 graduate and postgraduate students from some universities in the cities of Mashhad and Neyshabour in 2017. Students were recruited through convenience sampling. Participants responded to the dysfunctional attitudes scale (Power et al, 1994) and the human flourishing questionnaire (Soleimani et al, 1396). In order to measure the internal consistency of the scale, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was utilized. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to determine the factorial structure. Divergent validity was measured through the correlation between flourish-related factors and dysfunctional attitudes. Findings demonstrated the negative and significant correlations between dysfunctional attitudes and flourish subscales (p<0.01). Internal consistencies of dysfunctional attitudes were acceptable (α>0.6). confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that the three-factor model consisted of achievement, self-control and dependency have high levels of the goodness of fit. It can be concluded that DAS-24 is a reliable and valid instrument in the Iranian population.

---

The aim of the research was to investigate the mediating role of self-control in the relationship between coping styles and self-concept of elementary school students in Ardakan. The present study was descriptive-correlational which was performed using Path Analysis. The statistical population consisted of all first-grade male students in Ardakan. Using the cluster sampling method, 330 people were selected as the sample.  Data were collected using the Connor Smith Stress Management Styles Questionnaire (RSQ) (1997), Harter  Student Self-Concept (SPPC) (1985), and Grasmick et al.'s Self-Control Questionnaire (SCS) (1993)  and analyzed using Pearson correlation test and Path Analysis. Findings showed that the coping style of intentional coping directly and indirectly through self-control had a positive and significant relationship on self-concept (p <0.01).  Unintentional avoidance coping style had a direct negative relationship on self-concept but indirectly had a positive relationship on self-concept by increasing self-control (p<0.01). The unintentional coping style had a negative and significant relationship on self-concept indirectly through self-control and deliberate avoidance coping style had a negative and significant relationship on self-concept directly (p<0.01). Overall, the findings showed that self-control can play a significant mediating role in the relationship between coping styles and self-concept in elementary school students.

---

The aim of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on self-control and emotional inhibition in male students with high-risk behaviors. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population included all male high school students in Ardabil in the academic year 2020-2021. By purposeful sampling method, 29 eligible individuals were selected and randomly assigned to experimental (n = 14) and control (n = 15) groups. The experimental group received eight 75-minute sessions per week, one session of acceptance and commitment therapy (Hayes and Strosahl, 2010). Data collection tools were the Iranian adolescents' risk-taking scale (IARS, Soleimaninasab et al., 2018), Self-Controlling Scale (SCS, Tangney et al., 2004), and Standard Emotional Control Questionnaire (ECQ, Rogers and Najarian, 1989). Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance using SPSS22 statistical software. Results showed that with pre-test control, there was a significant difference between self-control and emotional inhibition between post-test scores in the experimental and control groups (P<0.001). As a result, it can be said that acceptance and commitment-based therapy is effective in improving self-control and emotional inhibition in students with high-risk behaviors.

---

The aim of this study was the comparing the effect of behavioral parenting training of mothers and social skills training of children on Emotion regulation strategies and self-control dimensions in fourth-grade students with oppositional defiant disorder. The current research was semi-experimental and pre-test-post-test design and control group. The statistical population included fourth-grade male students and their mothers who had been referred to psychology clinics in Tehran's District 5 between August and September 2020. From the mentioned society, 45 participants were selected using the purposeful sampling method and randomly placed in two experimental and one control group. The experimental group sessions were 12 sessions of 90 minutes for each group. The instruments of this study included the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) and the Self-Control Questionnaire (CPSC). For analysis, analysis of multivariate covariance was used and for comparison, Benferoni analysis was used. The findings showed that in both experimental groups, the average post-test scores in adaptive emotion regulation strategies (effect size = 0.566), maladaptive (effect size = 0.701), and self-control dimensions (effect size = 0.633) compared to the pre-test has changed (P<0.05), but no significant difference was observed between these two methods on study variables and their dimensions (P>0.05). From these findings, it can be concluded that teaching parenting to mothers is as effective as teaching social skills to children on emotion regulation strategies and self-control dimensions of children with the oppositional defiant disorder.

---

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the predictive role of family communication patterns and self-control with dependence on social networks in adolescents. The method of this study was descriptive-correlational.  The statistical population of the study included all female students aged 15-17 years studying in second-grade public high schools in Abyek City in the academic year 2021-20211. Using a non-random sampling method, 258 people were selected and they were evaluated via virtual networks using the Internet addiction test (IAT) (Yang,1998), the revised family communication pattern (RFCP) (Ritchie, 1972), and the self-control scale (SCS) (Tangney et al., 2004). The results of the Pearson correlation test revealed a significant positive relationship (P<0.01) between the communication pattern of conversation and dependence on social networks, and a significant negative relationship (P<0.05) between the communication pattern of conformity and dependence on social networks. But there is no significant relationship between self-control and dependence on social networks. In fact, 19% of the variance of dependence on social networks can be predicted based on family interaction patterns (dialogue, conformity), and the self-control of teenagers. Paying attention to the findings, in order to reduce or prevent dependence on social networks in teenagers, special programs can be developed to improve family interaction patterns.

---

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of mentalization therapy on the difficulty in emotion regulation and self-control in adolescents with high aggression. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with a three-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the research included boys and girls between the ages of 12 and 18 who were referred to the Development Counseling Center in Rasht in the first half of 2023, and 30 people were selected based on the inclusion criteria using a purposive sampling method and were randomly divided into two experimental (15) and control groups. (15). The experimental group received mentalization therapy during 20 75-minute training sessions, once a week. The data collection tool was Bass and Perry's Aggression Questionnaire (AQ, 1992), Gertz and Romer's Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS, 2004), and Tanjani et al.'s Self-Control Scale (SCQ, 2004). The results were analyzed using the repeated measurement variance method. The results showed that the effectiveness of mentalization therapy on the variables of difficulty in emotion regulation and self-control is significant (p<0.05). And this effect was permanent in the follow-up phase (p<0.05). Therefore, it is concluded that mentalization therapy can be effective in reducing the difficulty in regulating emotions and increasing self-control in adolescents with high aggression.

---

This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on academic procrastination and self-control of female students with internet addiction. The present research method was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test, and two-month follow-up design with the control group. The population of this research included all secondary high school female students of Lahijan City in 2022, among them 34 students were selected as samples by purposive sampling, and randomly assigned to an experimental group (17 people), and a control group (17 people). Research questionnaires included: The Procrastination Assessment Scale for Students (PASS, Solomon & Rothblum, 1984), and the Self-Control Questionnaire (SCQ, Tangney et al, 2004). repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test were used to analyze the data. The findings showed that there was a significant difference at the 0.05 level, between the pre-test and post-test averages of academic procrastination and its subscales (Studying for exams, Keeping Up with Reading Assignments, Writing a Term Paper), and self-control in the two groups; However, there was no significant difference between the post-test and follow-up averages of academic procrastination and its subscales, and self-control (P>0.05); This means that the therapeutic effects have been stable over time. Therefore, it can be concluded that acceptance and commitment therapy has been effective, as a sustainable intervention, in decreasing Procrastination and increasing the Self-Control of female students with internet addiction.

---

The present research aimed to determine the mediating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between self-control and academic procrastination in students. The present research utilized a descriptive correlational research method employing structural equation modeling. The statistical population for the research comprised all students of Payame Noor University, International Center Of Assaluyeh, in the academic year 2023-2024. In this study, 208 people were selected by the available sampling method. To collect the data, the Academic self-efficacy Questionnaire (ASEQ; Owen and Froman., 1988), Procrastination assessment scale-students (APQ; Solomon and Rothblum., 1984), and Self-controlling scale (Tangney et al., 2004) were used. Data analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling. The results demonstrate that the suggested model has describable fitness. The results showed that self-control and self-efficacy had a significant and negative direct effect on academic procrastination. Also, Self-control had a significant positive effect on self-efficacy (P<0/05). The results of the bootstrap test indicated that self-efficacy played a mediating role between self-control and academic procrastination (P<0/05). The results of this study suggest that self-control is an important factor in reducing academic procrastination among students, and this relationship is mediated by self-efficacy. Self-control can play a significant role in reducing academic procrastination among students through the improvement of self-efficacy.

---

The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between the dark triad of personality and marital infidelity with the mediation of self-control. The research method was a descriptive correlation of the path analysis type. Among them, 280 people were selected by targeted sampling method. The statistical population included all the couples referred to counseling centers in Miandoab City in 2021. Among them, 280 people were selected by purposeful sampling method. The questionnaires were Marital Infidelity Questionnaires (MIQ Merami and Khademi, 2012), Self-Control Questionnaire (SCQ, Tanji et al., 2004) and Dark Triad Personality Test (SD3, Jenson and Webster, 2010). Pearson's correlation coefficient and path analysis were used to analyze the data. The results showed that dark personality traits have a direct effect on marital infidelity (p<0.01). Also, dark personality traits have an effect on marital Infidelity indirectly and through mediation self-control (p<0.01). The fit indices also showed that the research model had a good fit. Therefore, it can be concluded that self-control plays a mediating role in the relationship between the dark triad of personality and marital infidelity.

---

The present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of emotional self-control training on impulsivity and parent-child relationships of boys with cyberbullying. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included all the male students in the second year of high school in Tehran (regions 1 and 2) in the academic year of 2022-2023, 39 of whom were selected by Purposive Sampling method after screening and in experimental groups (n=19) and control (n=20). were placed. The experimental group underwent eight 75-minute sessions of emotional self-control training (Leahy, et al., 2012). The data collection tools included the cyber-bullying/victimization experiences questionnaire Antoniadou et al (2016, CBVEQ), the parent-child relationship survey Fine et al (1983, PCRS), and the Barratt impulsivity questionnaire- 11 Patton et al (1995, BIS-11). The results showed that by controlling the effect of the pre-test, there is a significant difference at the 0.01 level between the mean post-test impulsivity and parent-child relationships in the two experimental and control groups. As a result, emotional self-control training can be used as an effective treatment method to reduce impulsivity and improve parent-child relationships in adolescent boys with cyberbullying.

---

The present study aimed to examine the mediating role of self-control in the relationship between social support and craving in recovering addicts. The method of the present study was descriptive-correlational, using structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the current study consisted of drug addicts who are quitting in Rasht in 2023 that 370 people were selected using a voluntary and available sampling method and responded to the drug craving questionnaire (DCQ, Somoza et al., 1995), self-control scale (SCS, Tangney et al., 2004), and social support scale (SSS, Zimet et al., 1988). The findings showed that the research model has a good fit. Also, social support had a direct, positive and significant effect on self-control and a direct, negative and significant effect on drug craving (p<0.01). Self-control also had a mediating role in the relationship between social support and drug craving (p<0.01). The findings of the research indicate the mediating role of self-control in the relationship between social support and drug addiction and reveal the importance of social support in the direct and indirect prediction of craving.

---

The present study was conducted to compare the level of smartphone addiction and self-control in students with and without Depressive Anxiety Symptoms. The type of descriptive research and its method were causal-comparative. The research community was formed by all the students of the universities of Tehran in the academic year 1402-1403, of which 260 people (130 people in the group suffering from Depressive – Anxiety Symptoms and 130 people without suffering from Depressive – Anxiety Symptoms) were selected by convenience sampling. The tools of this research included the Beck Anxiety and depression questionnaire (BAI, BDI), the Smartphone Addiction Questionnaire (SAS), and the self-control questionnaire - short form (BSCS). The analysis method of this research was the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The research findings showed that there was a significant difference between the amount of smartphone addiction and self-control in students with and without Depressive Anxiety Symptoms (P<0.05). The average scores of the group of students suffering from Depressive – Anxiety Symptoms in the level of smartphone addiction and its subscales were higher than the group of students without Depressive – Anxiety Symptoms (P<0.05). Also, the average scores of the group of students suffering from Depressive – Anxiety Symptoms in self-control were lower than the group of students without Depressive – Anxiety Symptoms (P<0.05). These results emphasize the importance of paying attention to psychological problems in explaining the behaviors related to the use of smartphones.