Rooyesh-e- Ravanshenasi Journal(RRJ)

---

This study examined the effectiveness of group interventions program based on the parent – child relationship on mothers parenting children (ages 8-11) with ADHD. This is a trial  study based on pretest -post test plan، the research population  consisted of all  mothers of children (ages 8-11)  with ADHD calling on  the centre of pediatrics، vanak and rahe sabz clinics during 2013-2014، by considering drop members. From all mothers referred centre of pediatrics، vanak and rahe sabz clinics the study samples included 30 mothers selected randomly and divided into control and experimental groups. The mothers of the experimental group have been trained during 10 sessions by group intervention program based on the parent–child relationship based on Landreth pattern. Data was collected via Arnold parenting Scale and Child Behavior Checklist Parent form (CBCL). Collected data was analyzed by U Mann-Whitney test. Results revealed program interventions based on the relationship of parent-child significantly on mothers parenting child with ADHD in experimental group compared with control one. According to these findings we may  concluded that group intervention program based on parent–child  relationship can have  beneficial treatment effects on Improvement of mothers parenting child with ADHD.

                                                 

---

The Purpose of the present research was to examine the effectiveness of communication skills training on aggression in children with ADHD. The study population consisted of all children 9 to 12 years with ADHD from Omid Asr Rehabilitationat 2014.  Sampling method was purposeful and 24 children with ADHD that have aggression selected (12 children experimental group and 12 control group). This is a quasi– experimental study with a pretest /post-test experimental and control group. In this study to experimental group communication skills training administered in 10 sessions and the control group not received training in this field. Instrument for the diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder was CSI.4 questionnaire and for aggression measured by parent form (CBCL) Achenbach were used. Results showed that Communication skills training were effective in reducing aggression in children with ADHD.Then, Communication skills’ training is a useful intervention for reduction of comorbidities with ADHD.

---

Long-term exposure to stressors and clients stresses the mental health and well-being of practitioners in the field of psychology, and therefore, it is necessary to employ methods to deal with stress to reduce these risks. Psychosocial-based interventions are now on the rise to reduce stress and improve the symptoms of psychology and mental health. Mindfulness can be defined as paying attention in a particular way, on purpose, in the present moment, and non-judgmentally and often taught with a variety of meditation exercises. This review summarizes the approaches of conceptual and empirical research that mindfulness-based intervention. The aim of this study was to understand the effects of mindfulness-based interventions, effective mechanisms of mindfulness and integrative perspective to research on the effect of mindfulness based stress reduction mental health and mental health professionals. In addition to the psychological study mindfulness and its effects, coherent and comprehensive look at the components of mindfulness gives presents.

---

Introduction: Many studies show that physical activities activity could prevent cognitive decline and may enhance frontal lobe activity. Thus، the main purpose of this article is to investigating the effect of physical activity on cognitive functions of  talented youth soccer players and amateur soccer players.

Method: statistical community in the present study involved all of the soccer players that play in Tabriz clubs. sixteen highly talented youth soccer players and sixteen age-matched amateur soccer players in the age range 18 to 25 years performed Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) for Assessment of cognitive flexibility and continuous performance test (CPT) for evaluating the inhibition and sustained attention.

Results: Results showed that talented youth soccer players scored highest on inhibition And sustained attention task (p<0.05). But there was no statistically significant difference between two groups on cognitive flexibility.

Conclusion: Results provide support for the prevailing notion that talented soccer players had higher inhibition and sustained attention ability that could be due to the fact that exercise and physical activity can positively impact cognitive functioning and as a result of that، talented soccer players due to their Proficiency in paying attention to the ball and Inhibition of Actions، perform better. there was also no statistically significant difference between two groups on cognitive flexibility that could be due to the intelligence differences between two group that is not considered in the present study.

---

Abstract:

The role of meditation in prevention and healing of mental illness is not negligible. For this purpose, various studies have tried to study the brain mechanisms involved in meditation. But the results have not been consistent enough. In this article we review what we have coherence on these results due to a variety of meditation and differences in the activation of different brain structures and the best type of meditation for adjustment EEG in ADHD becomes clear.

---

This study aimed to compare the Special learning disorder in Students with Attention-deficit hyperactivity Disorder and Normal Students. The research methodology based on its nature was descriptive-comparative method. Sample consist of two groups of 9-12 years old students which selected by cluster sampling in Mashhad city (50 ADHD students and 50 normal students). Data were collected by CLDQ. For analyzing data Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and multivariate analysis of variance were used. Findings showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of the main five learning problems (reading, reckoning, social recognition, social anxiety and spatial functions) among students with ADHD (p <0/05) and normal students in the components of reading, counting, social recognition and spatial functions had better performance than the students with ADHD. These findings suggest that attention to ADHD disorder can be an effective factor in working with learning disable students

---

The purpose of this research was to study the relationship between Mindfulness and Attention with Academic Self-efficacy in high school students In the 95-94 academic year in the Lordegan city. This study was Correlation- descriptive. The statistical population has consisted of all high school students, That the number of 2814 people been. Three hundred high school students from Lordegan were chosen as participants with multi-stage cluster sampling. For the collect, the data was used from mindfulness questionnaires, Academic Self-efficacy scale, and d2-test. Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation test and Simultaneous regression Analysis. Results indicated that there is a significant relationship between Descriptive component, action with awareness component, and lack of judgment component from the Mindfulness variable with Academic Self-efficacy. Also, there is a meaningful relationship between academic self-efficacy with efficiency component, pure attention score, and commission. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that action with awareness, Descriptive, and inaction components was a significant predicting factor of Academic self-efficacy, and also efficiency and attention components were significant in predicting Academic self-efficacy. Mindfulness and concentration predict 21 and 22% of Academic Self-efficacy Common variance.

---

Mindfulness is conscious attention to the current moment and internal/external personal experiences. Researches showed that mindfulness has a relationship with other psychological variables. Ego strength can be defined such as self-control, self-regulation or other relative variables like self-depletion too. The present study examines the predicting role of ego strength on the relationship with mindfulness in the University of Tehran and the Medical University of Tehran students. Two hundred and sixty-eight students (231 male, 36 female) participated in the study. All students were asked to complete Ego Strength Scale (ESS) and Mindfulness Awareness Attention Scale (MAAS).  Analysis of data involves descriptive and inferential statistics including mean, standard deviation and linear regression coefficient. Results show that ego strength has a significant relationship with mindfulness. Ego strength predicted 11 percent of mindfulness variability. It can conclude that ego strength can predict the role of mindfulness.

---

---

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of parental education based on the prevention of the appearance of early maladaptive schemas on the resilience of mothers with children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The research method was a quasi-experimental design with the pretest-posttest design with the control group. The population consisted of all mothers with ADHD children referred to counseling centers of Yazd city. Thirty persons of them were selected by convenience sampling and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Both groups were evaluated in two stages (pre-test and post-test) and completed the Conor and Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). The experimental group subjected to 10 parenting training sessions for 90 minutes, based on the prevention of the emergence of early maladaptive schemas, and the control group remained in the waiting list. Data were analyzed using covariance analysis with SPSS software. The results showed that parental education based on the prevention of the appearance of early maladaptive schemas was effective on the resilience of mothers with ADHD children.

---

Attachment is one of the psychological constructs which is affected by early caregiver-child relationships — different kind of attachment styles -based on the relationship between child and caregiver- effect on other psychological characteristics. Mindfulness as an attention to the present moment and awarding from inter/intrapersonal states is one of those characteristics. The present study aimed to predict mindfulness according to attachment styles: two hundred and sixty-eight students (231 male, 36 female) selected from the University of Tehran and the medical university of Tehran using convenience sampling method. The participants completed Adult Attachment Inventory (AAI) and Mindfulness Awareness Attention Scale (MAAS). The results indicate that secure attachment had positive correlation significantly with mindfulness and insecure attachment (ambivalence and avoidance) had negative correlation significantly with mindfulness. Linear regression analysis showed that secure attachment and ambivalence attachment could predict mindfulness significantly, while avoidance attachment couldn’t predict. The findings indicate that secure and ambivalent attachment styles can predict mindfulness.

---

---

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of cognitive rehabilitation on the improvement of attention deficit disorder in patients with hyperactivity disorder, based on quasi-experimental and pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population consisted of all patients with a diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital in Tehran (1397-1396). The patients were selected randomly by access sampling method and 30 entry and exit criteria were randomly selected and divided into two groups: control and Witnessed. Subjects, before and after the intervention, which included the Stroup computer test (1935) and the continuous performance test (Razold et al. 1956), were tested by the sequencing test (Battery, 1994) and Focus Point Questionnaire (Woody, Chamblass & Glass, 1997 quoted by Khayr et al. 2008) were evaluated. The results of the study indicated that cognitive rehabilitation affects the improvement of attention deficit disorder in patients with attention deficit, selective attention, continuous attention, distributed attention hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

---

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of positive-thinking education on cognitive flexibility and resiliency in mothers of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Tehran. In a semi-experimental with pretest- posttest design, 30 mothers of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder were sampled using the convenience method and randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. For the experimental group, For the experimental group, 7 sessions were performed for 120 minutes of positive thinking training. The data were collected using Denis and Vendoral cognitive flexibility scale (CFI) and the Conner and Davidson Resilience Questionnaire (CD-RISC). Data were analyzed using multivariate covariance analysis. The results of this study showed that positive thinking education has a significant effect on cognitive flexibility and resilience of these mothers. Therefore, positive thinking education can be considered an effective intervention to increase the cognitive flexibility and resilience in mothers of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

---

---

This study aimed to compare was to compare the executive functions of inhibition, updating, and shifting in children with Attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder and Sluggish Cognitive Tempo. The design of the present study was in the frame of Casual Comparative. Participants comprised 60 boys (30 ADHD and 30 SCT) from 4th-grade elementary schools in Tabriz in 1398-1399 academic years, which were selected through a screening method using the Child Behavior Rating Scale (SNAP-IV) and the SCT scale. Then, Stroop, memory retention, and plus-minus tests were performed on samples to measure inhibition, updating, and shifting. Manova was used to data analysis via SPSS20. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the two groups in executive functions of inhibition, updating, and shifting (P<0.0001). Moreover, Anova and means of the two groups showed that children with ADHD have deficits in inhibition, and children with SCT have gaps in updating and shifting. Based on the research Background and the findings of this study, it seems that SCT strongly associated with abnormal activity in posterior networks related to impaired updating and shifting and ADHD related to unusual activity in frontal-parietal systems related to impaired inhibition.

---

The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of doll therapy on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on increasing cognitive ability and improving the attention of girls with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. This is a quasi-experimental study with pre- and post-test in which a control group was utilized. The initial sample consisted of 100 students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder who referred to Kashmar Behavioral Disorder Center during the 2018-2019 academic year. The final purposive sample was composed of 40 students randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (Each containing 20 Participants). The experimental group received 12 sessions of doll therapy based on cognitive behavioral therapy, and the control group did not receive any treatments. Both groups completed the Spritzer's Cognitive Empowerment Questionnaire (1995) and the Brienkamp d2 test (attention and concentration) (1998) before and after the intervention. The covariance analysis results showed that doll therapy based on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy affected the cognitive ability and attention of the experimental group. Therefore, it is recommended that doll therapy based on cognitive-behavioral therapy could be an effective method in enhancing cognitive ability and improving girls' attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

---

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sand therapy on hyperactivity and attention deficit in children with ADHD in Tabriz city. This was a pretest-posttest controlled semi-experimental study. A convenience sample of 30 children with ADHD was recruited from psychotherapy centers of Tabriz, in 2018 and randomly allocated to the experimental (15) and the control groups (15). Subjects in the experimental group received sand therapy in six, 30-minutes sessions, and subjects in the control group received no treatment. Subjects in experiment and control groups were assessed with a parental form of Child Symptom Inventory (CSI-4) in pretest and posttest. The data were analyzed via the SPSS software (v. 16.0) and by conducting the multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Results showed that there were significant differences between scores in pretest and post-test in the experimental group (p<0.001), attention deficit and hyperactive symptoms reduced after sand therapy in the experiment group. Sand therapy is recommended for correcting child behavior and cognitive problems in ADHD.

---

The purpose of the present study was to investigate The Effectiveness of Cognitive-behavioral training in anger control on Sympathy and Mental Health in Bullying Male Adolescents with Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder. This research was a quasi-experimental research with pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population consisted of all bullying Male Adolescents of Yazd in the academic year of 1399-1999. 30 participants were selected Withpurposive sampling method and randomly assigned into experimental and control groups (15 participants in the experimental and 15 in the control group). The research tool was the) empathy questionnaire (Davies, 1983) and General Health questionnaire (Goldberg,1972) that the experimental and control groups responded to in the pre-test and post-test stages. Covariance analysis was used to analyze the data. Results showed that the effect of cognitive-behavioral training on anger control on empathy and mental health of bullying boys students with ADHD (P <0.001). It is recommended that educational centers and schools as well as schools use this treatment to reduce the problems of overactive and bullying students.

---

The present study aimed to compare the executive functions and emotional impulsivity between adults with hyperactivity disorder/attention deficit and normal adults. This research was ex post facto design. The study population was patients referred to the center of counseling and psychotherapy in Tabriz. The sample consisted of 60 subjects (30 adults with hyperactivity disorder/attention deficit and 30 normal adults) selected by available sampling. To collect the data were used from Canner′s adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity questionnaire, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, N-Back test, and Rey Complex Figure Test. To analyze the data was used multivariate analysis of variance. The results showed that the scores of executive functions in the fields of planning, inhibition, and working memory in normal adults were significantly higher than those of adults with hyperactivity disorder/attention deficits. This study's results showed that scores of emotional impulsivity components of premeditation, persistence, and urgency in normal adults were significantly lower than adults with hyperactivity disorder/attention deficit. But there was no significant difference in sensation seeking between the two groups According to the findings of this study can be concluded that adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder compared with normal adults have more impairments in executive function (planning, inhibition, and working memory) and emotional impulsivity (premeditation, persistence, and urgency). But there was no difference in sensation seeking Between the two groups. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.