Rooyesh-e- Ravanshenasi Journal(RRJ)

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-Abstract
The aim of this study was to comparison of education levels and attitudes toward marriage among young girls and boys in Tehran. For this purpose 400 youths in the age of marriage(200 couples) that in the third quarter of 1394 referred to marriage counseling centers under the Ministry of Sport and youth, were selected by convenience sampling. After completing the questionnaire, data was analyzed using spss-23. Results showed that the level of education of individuals with a total score of attitude to marriage is no significant difference.

 

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For decades, single case experimental designs (SCED) have been used to examine the effectiveness of clinical and educational interventions and have contributed significantly to the development of the general lines of clinical and educational researches. In recent years, with the movement of evidence-based methods, the methodology of single case experimental designs has also evolved. Visual analysis of graphic displays of data is a cornerstone of studies using a single case experimental design. Data are graphed for each participant during a study. In Visual analysis, trend, level, and stability of data assessed and compare within (base line, intervention and follow up) and between conditions of intervention. The purpose of this paper is to provide readers with a rationale for visual analysis of data when using a SCED, a step-by-step guide for conducting a visual analysis of graphed data, as well as to highlight considerations for persons interested in using visual analysis to evaluate an intervention.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of self-compassion training on reducing self-critical levels and improving Self-concept clarity in students with physical disabilities. The method of this research was quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with the control group. The statistical population of the study included all first-grade high school students in Ardabil city in the academic year 2019-2020. The number of research samples was 40 people who were selected by the targeted sampling method and were randomly divided into two groups of self-compassion training (20 people) and a control group (20 people). In order to collect the data, the Self-concept clarity Scale (Campbell et al, 1996) and the levels of self-criticism scale (Thampson & Zuroff, 2004) were used. Eight 70-minute compassion training sessions were performed for the experimental group. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) test was used to analyze the data. Findings showed that self-compassion training had a significant effect on improving self-concept clarity (F=8.76, P<0/01) and reducing comparison self-criticism (F=8.14, P<0/01) and internal self-criticism (F=6.83, P<0/01) was present in students with physical disabilities. Based on these results, it can be stated that this educational /therapeutic method can be used by school psychologists to improve the reduction of self-critical levels and improving Self-concept clarity in students with physical disabilities.