Rooyesh-e- Ravanshenasi Journal(RRJ)

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Introduction: the successful marriage increases the physical and psychological health. Accordingly, the study of factors related to marital problems and their impact on mental health is important. Thus, the aim of this study is examining the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and marital problems in married women.

Methods: A total of 162 women  participated in this study. All participants were asked to complete Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ) and Golombok-Rust Inventory of Marital State (GRIMS).

Results: results showed that all aspects of early maladaptive schemas had a significant positive correlation with marital problems. People with maladaptive schemas more likely to experience more marital problems.

Discussion: based on the results of present study and because of marital problems had a effect on mental health, it’s better to give pre-marriage counseling for prevention of marital problems.

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The present study using the  interpretive approach has been attempts to, from the perspective of the people to understand the meaning of marriage is happiness. The research, qualitative methods. Data were collected using deep interviews were used. The participants of this study, using the sowball method among the Happily men who knew their marriage, have been selected. Data analysis and presentation to the final theory grounded theory method is used.

The result of six categories which are the subcategories are: a happy marriage, happiness in the sense of feeling, spiritual and emotional factors, productive behaviors happiness, of others, and matches. The core concept study "happier marriages result relevance and consistency as much swapping couples in marriage". Which covers other issues. Accordingly, we can say couples where one or both of them show a high level of communication, as well as their marriage according to the values and personality traits, family and cultural identity for the week, the couples can feel more happiness experience.

 

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Take communication skills seriously

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of Rosen and Brateen (1998) Marital Attitude Scale includes internal consistency and construct validity. This paper is a research of the cross correlation nature and of the aim placed in applied researchs category. For this purpose 400 youths in the age of marriage (200 couples) That in the third quarter of 1394 referred to marriage counseling centers under the Ministry of Sport and Youth,Were selected by convenience sampling. After completing the questionnaire, data was analyzed using spss-23 & R. Cronbach's alpha and ordinal theta (0.75 و 0.8) showed acceptable reliability of this scale. Also Exploratory factor analysis results shows construct validity of Rosen and Brateen Marital Attitude Scale, and also this scale Includes four subscales. Results showed acceptable reliability and validity of Marital Attitude Scale Rosen and Brattain (1998). The results of this study can be used by consultants and marriage specialists.

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-Abstract
The aim of this study was to comparison of education levels and attitudes toward marriage among young girls and boys in Tehran. For this purpose 400 youths in the age of marriage(200 couples) that in the third quarter of 1394 referred to marriage counseling centers under the Ministry of Sport and youth, were selected by convenience sampling. After completing the questionnaire, data was analyzed using spss-23. Results showed that the level of education of individuals with a total score of attitude to marriage is no significant difference.

 

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Early maladaptive schemas are beliefs that people have toward themselves, others and/or environment which generally stem from dissatisfaction of basic needs; particularly emotional needs in childhood. EMSs have a significant relationship with quality of life quality, but effects of gender and marital status are unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the moderating role of gender and marital status in the relationship between EMSs and quality of life. The methods of present study was correlation and statistical population includes general population of Shiraz city. 391 subjects (181 men, 209 women) who were selected through convenient sampling completed the Schema Questionnaire Young & Brown (1999) and Quality of life Questionnaire (World Health Organization, 1998). Data was analyzed by using hierarchical regression analysis. Results showed that gender has the moderating role between autonomy and impaired-performance domain (p<0/05) and marriage has the moderating role between being other-directness domain (p<0/01) with quality of life. On the basis of the results of the present study, it can be concluded that various factors such as early maladaptive schemas, gender and marriage effect quality of life in different ways

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Positive attitude to marriages is the most significant variable in predicting the marriage, which is influenced by different factors. The aim of this study was to examine the study of the relationship between spiritual health and resilience with positive attitude to marriage among male students. This descriptive- correlational study was performed on all students living in dormitories of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2014-15 academic years. The sample consisted of 285 students who were selected through cluster sampling. Data collection tools were Spiritual Health Questionnaires (Palutzian and Ellison, 1982), Resilience Scale (Connor and Davidson, 2003) and Marriage Attitude Scale (Braaten and Rosén, 1997).  Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics tests, Pearson Correlation coefficient, and Multiple Linear Regression. The Pearson Correlation showed a significant positive correlation between positive attitudes to marriage and secures spiritual well-being and resilience. Stepwise regression analysis indicated that the predictor variables were able to significantly explain 0.20 of positive attitude to marriage variance among the students. The findings support the importance of spiritual well-being and resilience in predicting positive attitude to marriage of students. So it seem that holding training courses for promoting  the spiritual well-being and resiliency with regard to individual differences of students in the fields mentioned is helpful.

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The current research was conducted with the aim to compare the marriage expectations between kind people and people with needs for succorance. The study was carried out using correlational method. The statistical population of this research consisted of all single students at Shahrekord University. For that purpose, a total number of 130 students (55 males, 75 females) were selected using random sampling method. The research data were collected using Marriage Expectation Scale (MES) and two Self-made Questionnaires of Kindness and Succorance. In order to analyze the data, descriptive method (including mean and standard deviation), t-test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used. The results showed that there was a significant difference in marriage expectations between people with needs for succorance and people with no need for succorance. They also indicated that people with needs for succorance had higher and more idealistic marriage expectations. Furthermore, there was a significant difference between marriage expectations of kind people and overly kind people (self-sacrifice schema). Marriage expectations were higher and more idealistic in overly kind people who had self-sacrifice schema. Succorance and excessive kindness can thus affect marriage expectations and create idealistic marriage expectations. Therefore, recognizing the roots of succorance and excessive kindness (self-sacrifice schema) can help individuals achieve more realistic marriage expectations by removing the related obstacles.

 

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The aim of this study was to predict the marriage desire based on premarital Relationship attitude by control the role of gender and the experience of relationship with the opposite sex. The research method was descriptive correlational. The statistical population included all single students of Qom Payame Noor University to a number of 5000 people in the 2019-2020 Academic year and according to Morgan table, 357 people were selected by available sampling method, according to the loss of 36 people, 321 were selected as statistical sample. To collect the data were used the marriage desire questionnaire (Heydari et al, 2004) and premarital attitude relationships questionnaire (Kordloo, 2001). To analyze the data were used descriptive statistical indicators (Frequency, Average and SD), Pearson correlation coefficient statistical tests and single variable regression by SPSS-25 software. The results showed that premarital relationship attitude can predict marital desire, Also the relationship between premarital attitude and desire for marriage was affected by gender and experience of relationship with the opposite sex (p< 0/01). Recommended to be present educations on the role of premarital relationships for preventing reluctance to marry single students

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The problems of adults with autism, especially marriage, are one of the most challenging problems for families. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the views and attitudes of parents towards the marriage of boys and girls with autism. In this exploratory and descriptive study, the attitudes of 100 parents of children with autism over the age of 15 years in Tehran were examined using the available sampling method by conducting a researcher-made questionnaire. The findings showed that only 30 percent of parents expressed a positive attitude toward the marriage of girls and boys with autism. The participants agreed with the support of relevant organizations and associations by educating families about marriage and cohabitation of children with autism. While only 10 percent of parents believed that people with autism have no sexual desires at all, 55 percent disagreed with taking medication to control the sexual desires of individuals with autism. On the other hand, 90 percent of parents believed that sports activities should be utilized to control sexual desires in individuals with autism. Ninety percent of parents believed that individuals with autism should get married. According to the findings, despite numerous problems in the field of autism spectrum disorder, the most important of which is the lack of communication skills, half of the families opposed the marriage of people with autism spectrum disorders, but their view was that individuals with autism can marry with others. Modification of the attitudes of parents and individuals with autism as well as various segments of society is the most important step that experts, counselors, and planners should take.

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The present study aimed to investigate the role of marriage expectations on the desire for marriage in female students experiencing relationships with the opposite sex. The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population consisted of all female students experiencing relationships with the opposite sex in the Payam Noor University of Qom in the academic year 2019-2020. 147 people selected as a sample by convenience sampling method. To collect data, the marriage desire questionnaire (Heydari et al., 2004) and marriage expectation scale (Jones and Nelson, 1996) were used. Data analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multivariate regression tests by SPSS-25 software. The results showed that realistic and idealistic expectations have a positive relationship with the desire for marriage and pessimistic expectations have a negative relationship with the desire for marriage. The results of the regression revealed that realistic and pessimistic expectations had the potential to predict the desire for marriage (p<0/01). It is suggested that education be provided to female students about marriage expectations in order to increase their desire for marriage.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the role of attachment styles, family cohesion, and perceived gender discrimination in predicting psychological hardiness in women with the reverse age of marriage. This research was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this study was women with the reverse age of marriage who referred to family counseling centers affiliated with welfare in district 10 of Tehran. Among them, 60 people were selected by purposive sampling. Research tools included the Psychological Hardiness Questionnaire (Kubasa, 1979), Attachment Styles (Collins Reed, 1990), Family Cohesion (Samani, 2002), and Gender Discriminatory Events (Klonoff and Landrin, 1995). Pearson correlation test and simultaneous linear regression were used to analyze the data. Findings showed that psychological hardiness had a positive and significant relationship with close (secure) attachment style and family cohesion and a negative and significant relationship with dependent (avoidance) and anxiety (ambivalent) styles and perceived gender discrimination (P <0.05). Regression results also showed that the styles of closeness (0.21), dependence (-0.26), anxiety (-0.41), family cohesion (0.44), and perceived gender discrimination (-0.36) Predict psychological hardship. Considering the role of attachment styles, family cohesion and perceived gender discrimination in predicting psychological hardiness in women with the reverse age of marriage, Conducting workshops based on these concepts is essential for couples in premarital counseling.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of Love Styles in the relationship between emotional and social loneliness and desire for marriage in female Students. This research was fundamental in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of method. The statistical population included all female Students of Sanandaj universities in the 2019 academic year. 360 people entered the study by non-random quota sampling. The research tools included the Marriage desire questionnaire (MDQ), the Short form of the social and emotional loneliness scale for adults (SEL), and the Love Attitudes Scale (LAS).  Data were analyzed by the structural equation modeling method. The results showed that indirect pathways from emotional and social loneliness to desire for marriage through love styles (Eros, storage, and agape) are significant (P <0.05). The results of this study emphasize the importance of mediating the role of Love Styles in the relationship between loneliness and desire for marriage.

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Marriage enrichment programs bring many positive results such as physical health, mental health, and the growth and development of family members. The purpose of this study was to systematically review communication enrichment and marriage checkup program. The method of the present study was qualitative and documentary in terms of design. Since the initial stage of any systematic review includes a complete and regular search of the existing and related background, for this purpose, the field of study was a collection of published works in the form of Persian and English articles and dissertations. Keywords marriage checkup, Relationship enrichment program, Couple relationships checkup, Marriage program and Working whit couple at Google scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, pro quest, sage, Wiley, Psychinfo, Noormagz, Magiran, Sid, Irandoc were searched during the period 1398-1385 (2019-2000). A total of 45 Persian and English studies were reviewed. The studies were a combination of qualitative and quantitative research. Findings showed three important variables relationship regulation, intimacy building, and health improvement in communication enrichment and marriage checkup program. There were also fourteen subscription issues and eleven differentiation issues were extracted from these programs. The results of the research showed that couples' empowerment programs such as marriage checkup programs and relationship enrichment programs, while having very important commonalities and differences, also affect various variables.

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The present study investigated the marital adjustment, satisfaction, and psychological distress of married women based on their perceptions of parents' marriage and attachment styles. The research method was descriptive in the form of correlation and regression. The population included all married women of Zanjan city from whom 200 women were selected as the sample by availability sampling. The instruments included experiences in close relationships scale (ECRS), parents’ perceptions of marriage (PPM), marital satisfaction scale (MSS), patient health questionnaire (PHQ), marital adjustment scale (MAS), and generalized anxiety disorder questionnaire (GADQ). The data were analyzed by regression analysis. The results revealed that the correlation between parents' perceptions of marriage and marital adjustment/satisfaction was positively significant but it was negatively significant with depression. The correlation between avoidant attachment and marital satisfaction was negatively significant but it was positively significant with depression. In addition, regression coefficients indicated that just parents’ perceptions of marriage were able to predict marital adjustment. Anxious attachment, avoidant attachment, and parents’ perceptions of marriage had to predict the power of marital satisfaction among which anxious attachment had a more important weight. Therefore, it can be concluded that attachment styles and parents’ perceptions of marriage have an important role in predicting women's adjustment and relationship satisfaction and their later mental health.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the model of marriage stability based on the quality of parental relationship and attachment with the mediating role of narcissism, alienation, and Experience of Usness. The research method was a descriptive correlation. The statistical population included all married students of the Islamic Azad University of Qom branch in 2020-2021, from which 325 people were selected by available sampling. To measure the research were used the Marital Instability Index (MII) Questionnaire of Edwards (1987), the narcissistic personality questionnaires of Amz (2006), the Marital Alliance Questionnaire (MAQ) by Cheraghi et al (2017), the Parent Relationship Quality Scale, Azrin and et al (2008), and attachment subscales and alienation of Bell subject relations questionnaire (1995). Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods (path analysis) using SPSS27 and Lisrel8.8 software. In this model, the quality of the parent's relationship had a direct and significant relationship with the stability of the marriage (P <0.01). And attachment had no direct and significant relationship with the stability of marriage (P>0.05). the quality of parental relationships and attachment relationships indirectly by mediating the role of alienation, the experience of usness, and narcissism predict the stability of marriage (P<0/05). The results showed that the hypothesized model has a good fit. Therefore, the research findings are based on the relationship between the quality of the parent-child relationship and attachment with the stability of marriage with the mediating role of alienation, the experience of usness, and narcissism.
 

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The purpose of the present study, in order to analyze the causes of the context and the consequences of extramarital relationships (marital infidelity) from the perspective of married youth in Kermanshah. The research method was a qualitative methodological approach using the grounded theory method. The Statistical Society of all married youth was involved in Kermanshah's transcendental relations in 2019. Based on the theoretical sampling method, 22 people (11 men and 11 women) participated in the study using in-depth and semi-structured interview techniques. The results showed that two nuclear categories in the areas of individual and interpersonal issues, and community issues, were obtained as underlying factors. In the field of individual and interpersonal issues; Individualism, past issues, moral and religious weakness, failure to meet sexual needs, failure to meet emotional and psychological needs, verbal, physical, and sexual violence, and lack of control over life have all been influential. In the field of community issues; Environmental, social and political issues, poverty and economic problems, addiction, and media war were influential. Overall, the findings of this study showed that sexual and emotional needs, poverty, and economic problems, along with addiction were the main causes of infidelity from the perspective of both men and women. The consequences of extramarital relationships include interpersonal problems between couples, reduction in personal acts, granted isolation, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, suicide, and murder. Researchers and policymakers in the field of marriage and family can reduce the likelihood of inclination to extramarital relationships by eliminating the causes of couples' tendency to extramarital relationships and strengthening their deterrents and functional environment, and providing the basis for the stability of the coupled system and family.

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The present study aimed to develop a causal model of marital instability based on dark personality and ego strength with the mediation of empathy in married women. The design of the current research was descriptive-correlation and structural path analysis methods. The statistical population of this research was all married women who were referred to the health centers of 22 districts of Tehran in the period of August to November of 2022, and 430 people were selected as the sample size using the available sampling method. To collect data, Edwards et al.'s marital instability questionnaires (MLL, 1987), Johnson and Webster's dark personality (DTDDS, 2010), Markstrom et al.'s (PIES, 1997) ego competence, and Jolliffe and Farrington's (MES, 2006) marital empathy questionnaires were used. Pearson's correlation coefficient and path analysis were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the total path coefficient was only between narcissistic personality and marital instability (p<0.05). Positive and the total path coefficient between ego empowerment and empathy (p<0.05) was negative and significant. Also, the indirect path coefficient between narcissistic personality and ego empowerment with marital instability through marital empathy (p<0.05) was negative and significant. Also, the causal model of marital instability based on dark personality and ego strength with the mediation of empathy and in married women had a favorable fit. Their internal psychology improved the stability of the marriage.