Showing 22 results for Emotional Regulation
Mr Mohsen Nadimi,
year 5, Issue 1 (6-2016)
Abstract
The study was conducted aiming at assessing the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy to reduce impulsivity and increase emotional regulation in women dependent on methamphetamine. This was a quasi-experimental study type pretest-posttest with control group. The statistical population consisted of all female dependent on Methamphetamine were treated with Metadon Maintenance Therapy in Birjand in 2014. 34 subjects were selected by convenience sampling and were equally and randomly assigned into two groups (experimental and control). Then Experimental group was under dialectical behavior therapy in group for 12 90-minute sessions only. Barrat Impulsivity Scale and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale was used to collect data that was conducted in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up period in both groups. Data were analyzed with covariance analysis at significance level of P<0.05. The results showed that dialectical behavior therapy is significantly effective in reduce impulsivity and increase emotional regulation in women dependent on Methamphetamine (P<0.001).
Mis Marziyeh Shamshirgaran, Dr Rezvan Homaei,
year 7, Issue 1 (4-2018)
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between of relationship akills (understanding verbal and nonverbal message, emotional regulation, listening, being aware of communication process and assertiveness) with couple Burnout of Marriage in married Employees NIDC ahvaz. Present research was from correlation type. The statistical population in this research were all of the married employees NIDC ahvaz. The sampel of research included 353 subject who were select based on Simple Random Sampling Method sampling. For the measurement of the variable, Couple Burnout In Married (CBM) Pines & Nunes (2003) and Communication Skills Test-Revised (CSTR) Queendom (2004) were used. To analyze data pearson Correlation coefficient and Multivariable regression (p < 0/0001) were employed as statistical metods. The result reveled that was relationship Negative Correlation between Relationship Skills and Its components (emotional regulation, listening, being aware of communication process and assertiveness)With Couple Burnout And Between understanding verbal and nonverbal message,With Couple Burnout Isnt Relationship Correlation. Finally A Multiple Regression Analysis Showed That of Relationship Skills, emotional regulation and listening were Respectively Predictor For Couple Burnout.
Soran Rajabi, , ,
year 7, Issue 6 (9-2018)
Abstract
The aime of This study was to compare emotional cognitive regulation and executive function among the female adolescents with and without symptoms of failing in love , in the form of a causal-comparative research project. Sample include 66 high school female students of Khormooj (33 students with symptoms and 33 students without symptoms), in the second term, in 1394-1395 academic years, who were selectd by purposeful sampling. For data collection, Ross Love Trauma Questionnaire, Cognitive Emotion Regulation of Garnefsky et al, and Wisconsin card sorting, Continuous performance test and Stroop softwares have been used.the data was analysed by, multivariate variance analysis.the Results show that was significant difference between female adolescents with symptoms and normal subjects in all strategy of cognitive regulation (except in Putting into perspective) and also normal subjects was in executive funection in component of inhibition and cognitive flexibility significantly lower than subjects with symptoms. But there was no significant difference in the scores of consistent attention. The Results indicated the importance of the paying attention to inhibition and cognitive flexibility in female adolescents with symptoms both in treatment and prevention.
Fatemeh Zabihollahzadeh, Parisa Rashvand, Mohtaram Nemattavousi,
year 8, Issue 4 (7-2019)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare maladaptive schemas and emotional regulation and coping strategies in patients with multiple sclerosis and healthy individuals. The statistical population of all individuals with multiple sclerosis was Sina Hospital in Tehran (1966-1393). Of these, 202 patients were selected from 102 patients with multiple sclerosis and 100 healthy subjects were selected by the available sampling method. The research tool was Yang-Shaped Schema Questionnaire (Yang, 2005) and Gross and John's (2003) Threat Settlement Questionnaire and Short Carver Coping Strategies Questionnaire (1997). The statistical method used was variance analysis. Based on the analysis of research data, patients with multiple sclerosis use early abnormal scaling and exclusion, self-regulation, and impaired function, impaired limits, and other important health behaviors. There was no significant difference between the two groups of healthy and ill people in the components of abandonment, mistrust/ill-treatment, vulnerability to disease and disease, self-evolution / crippling, self-sacrifice, and stubborn criteria. Also, the results showed that there was no significant difference between stress reduction and reassessment strategies between the two groups of patients and healthy people, but there was a significant difference in the dysfunctional coping strategy. Therefore, there is a significant difference between early maladaptive schemas, emotional regulation strategies and coping strategies in people with multiple sclerosis and healthy
Dr. Saeed Rezaei, Sajedeh Sharifi,
year 9, Issue 3 (5-2020)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two methods of training emotional regulation skills and working memory exercises on the reading performance of students with reading disabilities. The method of this study was experimental design with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of the study included all students with a reading disorder, who had been referred to counseling centers of the Tehran Education Directorate in spring of 1396. Then, these students were randomly assigned to three groups of 15 (one control group and two experimental groups). An interventional program for training emotional regulation skills and work memory exercises was conducted on the experimental groups in 10 sessions. Sampling was done by simple random sampling. Also, for assessing reading difficulties, the revised IQ Wechsler scale was used for children in the third edition, and the reading and dyslexia test was used. Data were analyzed using covariance analysis. The findings showed Training of emotional adjustment skills and work memory exercises both at the level (p˂01/0) has been effective in reducing the reading difficulties of students with reading learning disorder. However, the effectiveness of working memory training method was more than that of emotional adjustment skills, and this difference was statistically significant. Both educational and interventional techniques are effective in solving the reading problems of primary school students with learning disabilities.
Akram Maarefvand, Dr. Abdollah Shafiabady,
year 9, Issue 11 (1-2021)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of emotional regulation, self-concept, and psychological flexibility in predicting social anxiety and depression of students with the mediating role of social functioning. The quantitative correlation method was used. The statistical population included all the female high school students in Qom city in the academic year 2018-2019. 359 students entered the study by cluster sampling method and answered to social phobia inventory (Connor and et al, 2000), Beck depression inventory-II (Beck, Steer & Brown, 1996), emotion regulation questionnaire (Gross and John (2003), children's self-concept scale (Piers, Harris and Herzberg, 2002), cognitive flexibility inventory (Dennis and Vander Wal, 2010) and social skills rating system (Gresham and Elliot, 1990). data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling. Results showed the proposed model had an acceptable fitness to the data (RMSEA=0/058, GFI=0/920, IFI=0/940 χ2= 0/8/671, P-value<0/05). all the direct paths were significant (P<0/05). Also, indirect paths between emotional regulation, self-concept, and psychological flexibility with social anxiety and depression through mediating role social skill were significant. The results of the present study can be useful as a suitable model for the development and design of prevention and treatment programs for students' social anxiety and depression.
Saeedeh Farid, Dr. Hassan Mirzshosseini, Dr. Nader Monirpour,
year 11, Issue 11 (1-2023)
Abstract
The aim of this study was the comparing the effect of behavioral parenting training of mothers and social skills training of children on Emotion regulation strategies and self-control dimensions in fourth-grade students with oppositional defiant disorder. The current research was semi-experimental and pre-test-post-test design and control group. The statistical population included fourth-grade male students and their mothers who had been referred to psychology clinics in Tehran's District 5 between August and September 2020. From the mentioned society, 45 participants were selected using the purposeful sampling method and randomly placed in two experimental and one control group. The experimental group sessions were 12 sessions of 90 minutes for each group. The instruments of this study included the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) and the Self-Control Questionnaire (CPSC). For analysis, analysis of multivariate covariance was used and for comparison, Benferoni analysis was used. The findings showed that in both experimental groups, the average post-test scores in adaptive emotion regulation strategies (effect size = 0.566), maladaptive (effect size = 0.701), and self-control dimensions (effect size = 0.633) compared to the pre-test has changed (P<0.05), but no significant difference was observed between these two methods on study variables and their dimensions (P>0.05). From these findings, it can be concluded that teaching parenting to mothers is as effective as teaching social skills to children on emotion regulation strategies and self-control dimensions of children with the oppositional defiant disorder.
Mahmoudreza Sharafi, Dr. Davood Jafari, Dr. Mohsen Bahrami,
year 11, Issue 12 (1-2023)
Abstract
The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy(CBT) and unified transdiagnostic treatment on the cognitive-emotional regulation of adolescents with generalized anxiety disorder. The quasi-experimental study was carried out with a pre-test-post-test design, with a control group and a two-month follow-up. The statistical population included all teenagers who were referred to Khorramabad counseling centers between December 1400 and July 1401, and who received a definitive diagnosis of GAD from the psychologist and psychiatrist of the center. 45 people were purposive sampling method selected and placed in two experimental groups and one control group(15 people in each group). The first and second experimental groups, respectively, received unified transdiagnostic treatment and CBT during 12 sessions. The research tools were cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire(GERQ) (Garnefski & et al,2006). The data were analyzed by the method of analysis of variance with repeated measurements and Bonferroni’s post hoc test. The results showed that both unified transdiagnostic treatment and cbt significantly increased adaptive emotion regulation and decreased maladaptive emotion regulation compared to the control group(P<0.01) and the effect of both intervention methods remained until the follow-up stage (2 months). Also, there is no significant difference between the effects of the two methods (P>0.01). Thus, an important step can be taken in reducing the consequences caused by the lack of emotion cognitive regulation in GAD by using any of the therapeutic approaches of CBT and unified transdiagnostic for emotion regulation in adolescents with GAD.
Samira Esprooz, Omid Rezaei,
year 12, Issue 3 (5-2023)
Abstract
The present study was conducted with the aim of Predicting the emotional regulation of people with cluster B personality disorder traits based on attachment styles and reflective functioning. The research method was a descriptive correlation. The statistical population included the students of Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran branch in the academic year 2021-2022. The sample size was 120 people who were selected by purposive sampling method. The research tools included the adult attachment inventory (AAI) Simpson (1990), Millon clinical multiaxial inventory (MCMI-III) Millon (1994), the reflective functioning questionnaire (RFQ) Fonagy et al. (2016) and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) Gross and John (2003). The results of the regression test using the enter method showed that among the research variables, uncertainty (P=0.03 and β=-0.23), secure attachment style (P=0.002 and β=0.27), and avoidant (P=0.002 and β = -0.31) are predictors of emotion regulation. Also, the results showed that the predictor variables are able to predict 0.19 of the variance of the emotion regulation variable in people with traits of cluster B personality disorder. The result of the present study shows that paying attention to attachment styles and reflective performance by psychologists can help to explain emotional regulation in people with traits of cluster B personality disorder.
Saeede Hedayat, Dr. Mohammad Narimani, Dr. Seyfollah Aghajani, Dr. Sajjad Basharpoor,
year 12, Issue 6 (10-2023)
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the structural pattern of difficulty in emotional regulation with conduct disorder based on mediating emotional and cognitive empathy in male adolescents. The research method was descriptive-correlation based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all the male students of the first secondary school in Kermanshah city in 2021-2022, 234 students who obtained the highest scores in the pediatric symptoms questionnaire and had the most symptoms of conduct disorder, were selected as a sample group based on the purposive sampling method. the questionnaires were the Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (DERS, Gratz and Roemer, 2004) and the Empathy Benefit Scale (EQ, Baron-Cohen, 2003). For analyzing data we used the Pearson correlation test and analysis of structural. The results of data analysis showed that the model has a good fit and there is a significant correlation & difficulty in regulating emotion and emotional & cognitive empathy have a direct and significant effect on the behavioral disorder(P<0.01). Also, difficulty in regulating emotion through the mediation of emotional and cognitive empathy has an indirect and significant effect on students' behavior disorder (P<0.01). Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the development of self-regulation of emotion can make it possible to achieve empathy in a person and act as an effective factor in reducing the symptoms of conduct disorder and increasing prosocial behavior in adolescents.
Sima Sepehri Payam, Dr. Ayub Ghasemiyan, Dr. Somaye Rajabpour,
year 12, Issue 7 (10-2023)
Abstract
The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of unified transdiagnostic group therapy on cognitive emotional regulation in patients with anxiety disorders. The current research was semi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population of the research included all individuals with anxiety disorders referred to one of the clinics in Mashhad, who had been referred to this clinic for treatment from October to December 2022. 30 participants in this research were selected from about 100 patients by voluntary sampling method and were replaced in two experimental and control groups. Subjects in two stages of pre-test and post-test with Anxiety Inventory (BAI) Beck et al. (1988) and DSM-5-TR diagnostic criteria, Persian version of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ-P) Garnefski & Kraaij (2006) were measured. The intervention group received 8 sessions of 90 minutes as one session per week of unified transdiagnostic treatment. Data analysis was done using multivariate covariance analysis. Data analysis showed that by controlling the effect of the pre-test, there was a significant difference at the level of 0/05 between the post-test mean of cognitive emotional regulation including self-blame, rumination, catastrophizing, other-blame, acceptance, positive refocusing, refocus on planning, positive reappraisal and putting in the two experimental and control groups. Therefore, it can be concluded that group-based Unified transdiagnostic therapy can be effective in cognitive-emotional regulation.
Elahe Charchipour Mamqani, Forough Jafari, Rozita Zabihi,
year 12, Issue 10 (12-2023)
Abstract
This study aimed to predict health anxiety based on attachment styles, distress tolerance, and difficulties in emotional regulation in nurses. This research was basic research and regarding procedure, it was a correlation study. The statistical population of the present study was all the nurses of Milad Hospital in Tehran in 2022, from whom 131 people were selected as a sample. Research tools included: Health Anxiety Inventory (HAI, Salkovskis & Warwick, 2002), Adult Attachment Inventory (AAI, Simpson, 1990), Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS, Simons & Gaher, 2005), and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS, Gratz & Roemer, 2004). Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation test and multiple regression. The research results showed that there is a significant correlation (p<0.01) between health anxiety with insecure attachment style (r=0.42), distress tolerance (r=0.41), and difficulties in emotional regulation (r=0.42). Also, insecure attachment style (B=0.257 & p=0.003), distress tolerance (B=0.232 & p=0.008), and difficulties in emotional regulation (B=0.263 & p=0.002) were able to predict 30% of health anxiety changes. It can be concluded that attachment styles, distress tolerance, and difficulties in emotional regulation play a key role in nurses' health anxiety, and it is necessary to pay attention to these factors in interaction with each other in programs to reduce nurses' health anxiety.
Zohre Sadat Toranji, Leila Mobini, Sajede Mokhtari, Sahar Badri Bagehjan, Roohallah Fathabadi,
year 12, Issue 12 (2-2024)
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of narrative therapy Online on emotional regulation and social adaptation of children with reading disorders during the COVID-19 Pandemic. The study method was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included all children with reading disorders in the medical centers of the 2nd district of Tehran in 2022. From among the target population, 20 boys aged 8-12 years Were referred to Rah Ahya Psychiatry Center were selected as the sample size using the available sampling method, and randomly assigned to the experimental group (n=10) and the control group (n=10). At first, both groups were evaluated by an emotion regulation checklist Shields et al(ERC)(1997) and the California social adjustment scale Thorpe et al(SAS) (1989). Online narrative therapy sessions were conducted in 10 sessions of 90 minutes during 5 weeks in the experimental group. In the end, both groups were re-evaluated. Data were analyzed using Multivariate covariance analysis. The findings showed that by controlling the effect of the pre-test, there is a significant difference (P<0.01) between the post-test mean of emotion regulation and social adjustment in the two experimental and control groups. The findings of this research showed that Online narrative therapy has improved emotion regulation and social adjustment of children with reading disorders during the COVID-19 Pandemic.
Zeynab Khanjani, Touraj Hashemi, Roya Jaliz,
year 13, Issue 1 (3-2024)
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of emotional regulation in the relationship between attachment and children's eating behaviors. The present research method was the descriptive-correlation type of structural equation modeling. The statistical population was made up of children referred to nutrition clinics in Tabriz city in 1401. 240 people were selected as a sample using the available sampling method. The research tools included a children's eating behavior questionnaire (CEBQ) by Wardell et al. (2001), an emotion regulation checklist (ERC) by Shields and Cicetti (1998), and an inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA) by Armsden and Greenberg (1989). Structural equation analysis was used to analyze the data. The results showed the optimal fit of the research model. The results showed a significant direct effect of attachment on instability and adaptive emotion regulation (P=0.001) and no significant direct effect on children's eating behaviors (P=0.08). Also, the direct effect of adaptive emotion regulation on children's eating behaviors was not significant (p=0.21), but the direct effect of instability on eating behaviors was significant (p=0.001). Attachment showed a significant indirect effect on children's eating behaviors with the mediation of instability (P<0.05), but adaptive emotion regulation did not show a significant mediating role in the relationship between attachment and children's eating behaviors (P<0.05). These results show that instability in emotion regulation significantly mediates the relationship between attachment and children's eating behaviors.
Atefeh Abdolahi, Dr. Esmaeil Esmaeil Sadipour, Dr. Bita Nasrolahi,
year 13, Issue 4 (6-2024)
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to predict emotion regulation in married women based on the theory of mind and cognitive abilities. The research method was descriptive-correlation studies. The research population was all married women aged 20 to 45 living in District 5 of Tehran in 1401. The research sample was 172 married women who were selected by the available sampling method. Baron Cohen et al.'s Mind Reading Test (RMET) (2001) Rescue Cognitive Abilities (CAQ) (2012) and Gross and John's Emotional Regulation (ERQ) (2003) were used to collect data. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the theory of mind and cognitive abilities can predict emotional regulation in the suppression dimension (P<0.05). The adjusted coefficient of determination showed that the predictor variables could explain 12.2% of the suppression variance. These findings indicate that the emotional regulation of married women can be predicted with the variables of theory of mind and cognitive abilities to prevent marital problems.
Mahnaz Sarband, Behzad Aligohari,
year 13, Issue 5 (8-2024)
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in the relationship between psychological distress and suicidal thoughts in women who experienced love failure. The descriptive-correlation research method was Path Analysis. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all women who experienced love failure in the city of Tehran in 2023, out of which 250 people were selected through a targeted sampling method through an internet call among social network users. The data were collected by Beck et al.'s suicidal ideation questionnaire (1979, BSSI), Levibond and Levibond's depression, anxiety, and stress scale (1995, DASS), and Gross and John's (2003, CERQ) cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire. was collected The obtained data were analyzed through correlation coefficient test and Path Analysis. The results showed that there is a positive and significant correlation between psychological distress and its components with suicidal ideation (P<0.01). Also, the results indicated the confirmation of the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in the relationship between psychological distress and suicidal thoughts in women who experienced love failure (P<0.01). The modified model also had a favorable fit. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the consequences of suicidal thoughts in these people by providing timely and appropriate interventions and training to strengthen emotional-cognitive skills and reduce psychological distress in women who have experienced love failure.
Ahmadali Nematpour Darzi, Zeynab Avar, Fatemeh Rahmati Tosehkaleh, Sina Janali Zadeh Chenari,
year 13, Issue 6 (8-2024)
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of mentalization therapy on the difficulty in emotion regulation and self-control in adolescents with high aggression. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with a three-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the research included boys and girls between the ages of 12 and 18 who were referred to the Development Counseling Center in Rasht in the first half of 2023, and 30 people were selected based on the inclusion criteria using a purposive sampling method and were randomly divided into two experimental (15) and control groups. (15). The experimental group received mentalization therapy during 20 75-minute training sessions, once a week. The data collection tool was Bass and Perry's Aggression Questionnaire (AQ, 1992), Gertz and Romer's Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS, 2004), and Tanjani et al.'s Self-Control Scale (SCQ, 2004). The results were analyzed using the repeated measurement variance method. The results showed that the effectiveness of mentalization therapy on the variables of difficulty in emotion regulation and self-control is significant (p<0.05). And this effect was permanent in the follow-up phase (p<0.05). Therefore, it is concluded that mentalization therapy can be effective in reducing the difficulty in regulating emotions and increasing self-control in adolescents with high aggression.
Raheleh Ostad, Alireza Mollazadeh, Afsaneh Saber Garakani,
year 13, Issue 10 (12-2024)
Abstract
The present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness training in reducing the difficulty in emotion regulation and distress tolerance of students with behavioral risks. The present research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the research consisted of all male students with risky behaviors between the ages of 14 and 18 who were referred to the counseling and psychology center in Karaj city in 2023, of which there were 30 people (15 people in the control group and 15 people in the experimental group) were selected through the purposeful sampling method and randomly replaced in two groups. To collect data, Gratz & Roemer's Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS, 2004) and Simons & Gaher's Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS, 2008) were used, and mindfulness training was carried out during 10 sessions and once a week for 60 minutes. Multivariate analysis of the covariance test was used to analyze the data. The research findings showed a significant difference of (P<0.0001) between the post-test mean of emotion regulation difficulty and distress tolerance in both experimental and control groups. As a result, emotion regulation training using techniques such as thoughts, emotions, and conscious behavior can be used as an effective approach to reduce the difficulty in emotional regulation and improve distress tolerance in adolescents with behavioral problems.
Fateme Baghban, Tayebeh Sharifi, Mohammd Ghasemi Pirbalouti,
year 13, Issue 11 (1-2025)
Abstract
The aim of this study was a compare the effectiveness of group training based on emotional regulation and adolescent-centered mindfulness group training on academic procrastination and academic buoyancy of adolescent girls. The research method was a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a follow-up period. The research population was adolescent girls with high procrastination in Isfahan in 2024. According to convenience Sampling, 60 people were selected and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. The research tools were the academic persistence scale of Martin and Marsh (2008, ABS) and the academic procrastination questionnaire of Solomon and Rothblum (1984, APQ). The first experimental group underwent emotion regulation training and the second experimental group underwent adolescent-oriented mindfulness training in 8 90-minute sessions. Statistical data analysis was done using the method of analysis of variance with repeated measurements. The findings showed that the difference in academic procrastination and academic persistence between the pre-test and post-test (P<0.001) and the follow-up pre-test was significant (P<0.001). which indicates the effectiveness of research interventions in these variables; Therefore, group training based on emotional regulation and adolescent-centered mindfulness group training can be used to reduce academic procrastination and increase academic persistence.
Ali Sharifian Motlagh, Dr. Mahboobeh Taher,
year 14, Issue 1 (3-2025)
Abstract
The present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness training on the psychological capital and emotional regulation of gifted students. The present research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test/post-test design with a control group and a two-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all the students of Allameh Heli 4 High School in Tehran in the academic year of 2021-2022, of which 30 people (15 in the control group and 15 in the experimental group) were selected through available sampling. They were randomly placed in two groups. The direction of data collection was Luthans' (2007) Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ) and Gross and John's (2003) Emotion Regulation (ERQ). Analysis of variance with repeated measurements was used to analyze the data. The findings of the research showed that there was a significant difference of 0.01 between the post-test mean of psychological capital and emotional regulation in both experimental and control groups. In addition, the results showed that this intervention could maintain its effect over time (P<0.0001). As a result, mindfulness training using techniques such as thoughts, emotions, and conscious behavior can be used to increase psychological capital and improve the emotional regulation of gifted students.
