fa شیوع‌شناسی و بررسی عوامل خطرساز و حفاظت‌کننده مزاحمت سایبری با رویکرد تحولی: یک مطالعه مروری روایتی روانشناسی تربیتی Educational Psychology مروری سیستماتیک systematic review <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><span class="fontstyle01" serif="" style="font-family:Bold,"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="font-weight:normal">در این مقاله با رویکردی تحولی به مزاحمت سایبری، میزان شیوع و </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">عوامل خطرساز و حفاظت‌کننده آن، </span></span></span></span><span class="fontstyle01" serif="" style="font-family:Bold,"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="font-weight:normal">پرداخته شد.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><b> </b><span class="fontstyle01" serif="" style="font-family:Bold,"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="font-weight:normal">در مطالعه مروری روایتی حاضر که به روش متن‌پژوهی انجام</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><b> </b><span class="fontstyle01" serif="" style="font-family:Bold,"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="font-weight:normal">شد، </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">مقاله‌هایی که در زمینه </span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">مزاحمت سایبری </span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">از سال‌های 2010 تاکنون (2020) در پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتی</span></span></span></span> <span dir="LTR" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Google Scholar </span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">،</span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">ScienceDirect </span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">، </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Elsevier</span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">،</span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Scopus </span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">،</span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">ProQuest </span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">،</span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Springer </span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">،</span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">PubMed</span></span></span></span> &nbsp;<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">منتشر شده بودند</span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> با جستجوی کلیدواژه‌های</span></span></span></span> <span dir="LTR" lang="EN" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Cyberbullying</span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">، </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Cyber-aggression</span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">، </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">cyber-victimization</span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">، </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Cyberbullies</span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">، </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Cybervictims</span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">، </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Cyberbully-victims</span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">، </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Cyber-harassment</span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">و </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Cyber violence</span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">استخراج شدند. از مجموع 812 مقالۀ گردآوری شده، 54 مقاله شامل مقاله‌های پژوهشی، مروری و فراتحلیل در حوزه‌ میزان شیوع مزاحمت سایبری و عوامل مؤثر بر آن در سنین مختلف، انتخاب و </span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">به صورت کیفی و مبتنی بر استنتاج محقق از منابع و متون، تجزیه و تحلیل شد</span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span style="font-family:BNazanin"><span style="color:black">.</span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> یافته‌‌ها نشان داد گرچه عوامل حفاظت‌کننده و خطرساز فردی-شخصیتی، اجتماعی، تحصیلی و خانوادگی زیادی وجود دارند که با مزاحمت سایبری، در طیف گسترده‌ای از سنین مرتبط‌اند؛ ولی، پژوهش‌ها برای سال‌های ابتدایی و بزرگسالی محدود هستند. همچنین، به عوامل حفاظت‌کننده کمتر از عوامل خطرساز توجه شده است.</span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> با توجه به </span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">وسعت و تنوع مزاحمت‌های سـایبری </span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">در سنین مختلف</span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">، </span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">سیاست‌ها و برنامه‌ها باید با تفاوت‌های تحولی در ماهیت و شیوع مزاحمت سایبری و </span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">همچنین، عوامل </span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">خطرساز و حفاظت‌کننده که مربوط به گروه‌های سنی خاص هستند، هم‌خوانی داشته باشد</span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:105%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">n this </span></span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">article</span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">, attempts to review with a developmental approach to cyberbullying</span></span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">, </span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">prevalence</span></span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"> and risk and protective factors it.<b> </b></span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">In the present</span></span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"> narrative review</span></span></span> <span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">article</span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">, which is done by the method of text research</span></span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">, </span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">articles about cyberbullying from 2010 to 2020 were published in the Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Elsevier, Scopus, ProQuest, Springer, and PubMed databases</span></span></span> <span lang="EN" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">were extracted and analyzed by searching for keywords for cyberbullying, cyber-aggression, cyber-victimization, cyberbullies, cyber victims, cyberbully-victims, cyber-harassment, and cyber-violence.</span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="EN" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Out of a total of 812 collected articles, 54 articles including research, review, and meta-analysis articles in the field of the prevalence of cyberbullying and its effective factors at different ages were selected and analyzed qualitatively based on the researcher&#39;s inference from sources and texts.</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"> Although there is a myriad of protective and risk factors at personality-Individual, family, peer, school, and community levels that are related to involvement in cyberbullying across a wide range of ages, existing research highlights significant gaps in our knowledge of these risk and protective factors. Research is particularly lacking for elementary grades and adulthood. In addition, there is significantly less attention across age groups to protective factors, compared to risk factors. </span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Given the extent and variety of cyberbullying at different ages</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">, the data suggest that policies and programs must be attuned to developmental differences in the nature and prevalence of cyberbullying, as well as the risk and protective factors that are salient for particular age groups</span></span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">.</span></span></span></span></span></span> مزاحمت سایبری, شیوع‌شناسی, عوامل خطرساز, عوامل حفاظت‌کننده Cyberbullying, Epidemiology, Protective Factors, Risk Factors 25 38 http://frooyesh.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1474-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Samad Rahmati صمد رحمتی smd.rahmati@gmail.com 100319475328460036115 100319475328460036115 No Ph.D. of Educational Psychology, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran. دکتری روانشناسی تربیتی، دانشگاه شهید چمران، اهواز، ایران. Rezvan Seyfi رضوان سیفی rezvan.seyfi73@gmail.com 100319475328460036116 100319475328460036116 Yes Bachelor of Science in Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Borūjerd, Iran. کارشناس پرستاری، دانشکده پرستاری، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی لرستان، بروجرد، ایران.