Rooyesh-e- Ravanshenasi Journal(RRJ)

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of Group Gestalt Therapy in Social anxiety and Test anxiety in female's students. This research has experimented with pretest-posttest design, conducted with a control and experimental group. The study population included all of the undergraduate students at the University of Sari, belonging to the academic year of 2015-2016. Fifty students were selected randomly for this particular purpose. The participants were given Kanter social anxiety, Sarason test anxiety and did the pretest. Among those students, twenty of them who experienced more anxiety were chosen.
Consequently, therapy was performed on them.  At the end of the sessions, the students in both groups had to do a posttest. The data were analyzed through the utilization of covariance analyses. According to the mean scores, it can be concluded that Gestalt therapy has a significant effect on reducing students' social anxiety. Also concerning the mean scores, it can be concluded that gestalt group therapy is effective in reducing anxiety in students.

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The aim of this study was to predict coronary anxiety based on emotional turmoil (depression, anxiety, and stress) with the mediating role of spiritual health in nurses and aides. The research method was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of the study included all nurses and aides of Imam Zaman Hospital in Islamshahr in the last quarter of 2021. 118 people were selected as the statistical sample based on the available sampling method based on the Morgan sampling table. In order to collect data, Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS) (Alipour et al., 2020), Comprehensive Spiritual Health Questionnaire (CSHQ) (Amiri et al., 2014), and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale(DASS-21) (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995) were used. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression tests. The results showed that there was a positive correlation between emotional turmoil and coronary anxiety in nurses and aides and a negative and significant correlation between spiritual health and their components with coronary anxiety (p<0.01). The results of regression analysis showed that 34.4% of coronary anxiety in nurses and paramedics was explained by emotional turmoil and spiritual health (p<0.01). These results indicate the importance of paying attention to psychological status and spiritual health in nurses and aides in these critical situations.

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Education and learning have a special place as an important part of the development and identity of each person. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to this category and the obstacles to its realization in different situations with a special educational structure such as villages. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively study teachers' perceptions of barriers to effective education in rural areas. The present study applied qualitative and content analysis and used Brown and Clark's (2006) theme analysis technique. The statistical population of teachers in Qom province was in 1400 who had a history of serving in the village. Using the purposive sampling method, 24 teachers were selected. The data collection tool was semi-structured interviews that included questions about barriers to effective education in rural areas. The results showed that the barriers to effective education in rural areas can be examined from the perspective of teachers in 6 areas: 1) infrastructure problems and barriers 2) family barriers 3) intra-personal barriers 4) teacher barriers 5) situational barriers 6) economic barriers. Teachers have also come up with solutions to these problems, which are referred to as preventative components of problems and remedial factors. It can be concluded that the barriers to effective education in rural areas can be discussed and planned from the perspective of teachers from the various angles mentioned in the results. From this point of view, more attention to the issue of education and learning in rural areas is very important.

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Children's literature is a tool to gain knowledge about the abstract world, few studies have been conducted based on cognitive perspectives. This study analyses the messages of five age groups to not only compare them from the cognitive pragmatics perspective but also to find out how the messages are expressed. So, fifteen books were evaluated by deductive content analysis using theoretical saturation. The messages are classified in the categorization matrix based on cognitive pragmatics. The classification was based on two methods of message transmission, standard and non-standard, and related elements (non-verbal, exploitation, deception, and failure). The stories of the young saplings contained emotions excitement and cognitive reactions, and the minor group experienced excited reactions in interaction with their surroundings. In group A, the focus of the messages is emotional-cognitive under the influence of the environment, and the authors are trying to tie them to the realities to paint a more realistic picture for the child. In group B, we are faced with motivational messages that aim to help children strengthen their self-confidence and overcome disappointments and difficulties in life. In group C, the moral messages needed for collective life are the main core of the messages, the use of metaphor has helped to convey them more deeply. Based on the findings, the exchange of messages in the stories of young and minor children is based on non-verbal interaction, in groups A and B, mainly the use of exploitation, and in age group C, non-verbal is also used.