Rooyesh-e- Ravanshenasi Journal(RRJ)

---

The aim of present research was to investigate the role of perfectionism and experiencial avoidance in predicting psychological symptoms of poor female-headed household. This prospective study was performed using Pearson correlation.90 questions to gather information from the checklist (SCL-90), perfectionism and questionnaires reception and operation. As well as data collected using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis were analyzed. The correlation coefficients showed that psychological symptoms of perfectionism (51/0= r; 001/0> p) and experiential avoidance (65/0= r; 001/0> p), positive relationship. Regression analysis showed that 48 percent of the total variance of psychological symptoms people through experiential avoidance and perfectionism is explained by two factors. This study suggests that perfectionism and avoid negative and harmful experiments on the causes and consequences associated with traumatic events can contribute to psychological symptoms among poor female-headed households.

Key words: perfectionism, experimental avoidance, psychological symptoms, poor, female-headed households.

---

Abstract

The aim of present research was to Compare effortfull control and social anxiety in deaf and normal students

Methods This was a comparative study. The population consisted of all normal and deaf students studying in the second half of 1393 in the city of Gilan West (N=20). Due to the limited population size All deaf people were selected as sample Then both responded  individually and with the researcher to demographic information questionnaire, effortfull control and social anxiety Data collected were analyzed Also by means of descriptive statistics mean and standard deviation and variance analysis (MANOVA). the results showed Significantly higher than normalthat scores Average deaf Weakness in the effortfull control. The results showed that the mean scores for the deaf in variables targeted weaknesses in controls (59/15 = F; 001/0> P) and poor persistence components (44/14 = F; 001/0> P), poor focusing attention (42/5 = F; 05/0> P) and Tkansh¬Vry (12/19 = F; 001/0> P), social anxiety (67/13 = F; 001/0> P) and components fear (19/10 = F; 001/0> P), avoidance (16/9 = F; 001/0> P) and physiological disorders (77/14 = F; 001/0> P) was significantly higher than normal subjects. The results of this study showed Deaf, suffered from a effortfull contro to adapt and adjust behavior according to the demands of the position And high social anxiety than their healthy counterparts.

---

This research has done with the aim of analyzing, mothers' religious orientation in prediction of negative or positive adolescents' attitude toward delinquency. for this descriptive – correlation research, from the mothers and their children who lives in hamedan city, 200 person (100 mother, 100 children) were selected with random clustering method, mothers received Allport religious orientation questionnaire and their children received attitude toward delinquency. For analyzing datas we use Pearson correlation coefficient and linear multiple regression. The results indicated that there is a negative relation between mothers' introvert religious orientation and adolescents' positive attitude toward delinquency and a positive relation between this religious orientation and negative attitudes toward delinquency, and there is no relation between mothers' extrovert religious orientation and negative or positive attitude toward delinquency. The results of regression analyzing also indicated that mothers introvert religious orientation explains 23 percent of positive attitude toward delinquency variance and 47 percent of negative attitude toward delinquency. This results indicate that weak introvert religious orientation specially mothers orientation could be one of the dangerous reasons of delinquency in adolescent. And for preventing different kinds of social damage in adolescent specially preventing from delinquency we can use capacity of mothers religious orientation.

---

Friendship relationships with the opposite sex before marriage are one of the social phenomena in vain, which in recent years have spread much in vain. The aim of this study was to compare the styles of identity, physical and direct religious orientation in female students with and without a boyfriend. It is a case-control study. All students of the University in the academic year 93 92 Yazdi ardebili statistical research community. The number of students who reported 30 people from her boyfriend was fitted and a few random step numbers of 30 people is also the students from normal to crash between the community as compared to group selection and in the present study. A sample questionnaire to members of identity, physical direct and individual religious orientation. Your misuse data collected is also used for the analysis of variance (MANOVA) a few descriptive analyses. The results showed that the average scores of female students has a boyfriend on the inner religious orientation variables, normative information, identity and commitment was lower than normal group but in the physical body, flexibility, didn't variables self-esteem and identity confusion significantly higher than in the normal group. These results indicate that the defect in the dissatisfaction of the physical image, identity and lack of internal religious orientation can friendship before marriages have a role.

---

The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on the improvement of emotion regulation and dysfunctional attitudes in people with Borderline personality disorder. The study method was a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design with a waiting-list group. The statistical population of the study was all those people with borderline personality disorder who were referred to Fatemi hospital of Ardabil, Iran in the autumn of 2018. Thirty-two patients were selected by convenience sampling method and they were randomly assigned to two experimental (16 members) and waiting-list (16 members) groups. Members of both groups were individually responded to scales of emotion processing (EPS) Baker, Thomas, Thomas and Owens (2007) and dysfunctional attitudes (DAS) Weissman and Beck (1978). Then, the intervention was performed by the transcranial direct electrical stimulation device on the experimental group members for 10 consecutive days for 20 minutes by placing anode in region F3 and cathode in region F4 individually. Whereas the group of waiting-list participants did not receive this intervention. Then, a post-test was performed on both waiting-list and experimental groups. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) with SPSS-24 software. Results showed that there were significant differences between experimental and control groups in intrusion, suppression, uncontrolled impulses, discordant and dissociation components of emotion regulation and perfectionism, need to others confirmation, need to others satisfaction, and suggestibility of performance evaluation components of dysfunctional attitudes (P<0.05). These results reveal the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on improving emotion regulation and dysfunctional attitudes in individuals with a borderline personality disorder. Given to high resistance to psychological therapies in people with borderline personality disorder, these results can promise new neuropsychological interventions for this disorder.

---

---

This study aimed to investigate the role of behavioral emotion regulation, health locus of control, and mindfulness in predicting the quality of life in improved Covid-19 patients. The method of the present study was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of this study consisted of all improved Covid-19 patients in Ardabil city, 200 of whom entered the study using the purposive sampling method. Data collection tools included standard behavioral emotion regulation questionnaire (Kraaj and Garnefski, 2019), Health Locus of Control questionnaire (Walson and De Willis,1978), Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills (Beer, Smith, Hopkins, Kritmir, et al, 2004), and the World Health Organization quality of life questionnaire.  Data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient test and multiple regression analysis. The results showed that quality of life was positively correlated with behavioral emotion regulation, mindfulness, and internal control and negatively correlated with external control. Regression results showed that mindfulness, behavioral emotion regulation, external control, and internal control explained 64% of the total variance in quality of life. These results suggest that behavioral emotion regulation, internal health locus of control, and mindfulness play an effective role in improving and enhancing the quality of life in improved Covid-19 patients.

---

Coronavirus (COVID 19) has created a public health emergency around the world, and adherence to health protocols is now reported to be the best way to prevent the spread of the disease. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the role of perceived stress, personality traits, and self-efficacy in predicting the observance of health protocols during the Covid 19 pandemic. The method of the present study was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of this study consisted of all residents in Ardabil in the winter of 1399, 200 of whom were selected using the sampling method available online and through virtual networks and participated in this study. Data collection tools included the standard Scherer and Maddox(GSE)(1982) self-efficacy questionnaires, Cohen et al.'s(PSS-14)(1983) Perceived Stress Questionnaire, the five-factor personality traits of Costa and Macri(NEO)(1992), and the researcher-made Health Protocols Questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis using Spss 24 software. The results showed that the observance of health protocols with self-efficacy, extraversion, flexibility, pleasantness, and responsibility at a significant level of (p<0.01) had a positive relationship and a negative relationship with perceived stress and neuroticism at a significant level of (p<0.01). Also, 73.6% of the total variance of health protocols was explained based on the variables of self-efficacy, perceived stress, and personality traits. These results show that self-efficacy, perceived stress, and personality traits of individuals play an effective role in adhering to health protocols and psychological care to pay attention to patients' health measures to deal with the disease and reduce stress and stress. They are essential.

---

---

---

The aim of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on self-control and emotional inhibition in male students with high-risk behaviors. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population included all male high school students in Ardabil in the academic year 2020-2021. By purposeful sampling method, 29 eligible individuals were selected and randomly assigned to experimental (n = 14) and control (n = 15) groups. The experimental group received eight 75-minute sessions per week, one session of acceptance and commitment therapy (Hayes and Strosahl, 2010). Data collection tools were the Iranian adolescents' risk-taking scale (IARS, Soleimaninasab et al., 2018), Self-Controlling Scale (SCS, Tangney et al., 2004), and Standard Emotional Control Questionnaire (ECQ, Rogers and Najarian, 1989). Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance using SPSS22 statistical software. Results showed that with pre-test control, there was a significant difference between self-control and emotional inhibition between post-test scores in the experimental and control groups (P<0.001). As a result, it can be said that acceptance and commitment-based therapy is effective in improving self-control and emotional inhibition in students with high-risk behaviors.

---

The purpose of the current study was to study the relationship between trait anxiety and emotional clarity with depression symptoms in college students with the moderating role of cognitive flexibility The research method was descriptive-correlation based on path analysis. Samples of this study were whole Mohaghegh Ardabili university students in the 1399 -1400 semester(n=12000). 249 of them that had ratings of 14 and higher in the Beck Depression Inventory were selected by the Purposive sampling method as samples. the questionnaires were Beck Depression Inventory (BDI, beck, 1996), Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-X, Spielberger, 1970), Trait Meta Mood Scale (TMMS, Salovey& et al, 1995), and questionnaire cognitive flexibility(CFS, Vander and Valpe, 2010). For analyzing data we used the Pearson correlation test and path analysis. Results showed that the model has a good fit and there is a significant correlation(p<0/01) between trait anxiety and emotional clarity with depression symptoms. Furthermore, trait anxiety and emotional clarity had a negative and significant indirect effect(p<0/01) on depression symptoms through cognitive flexibility. Based on these findings trait anxiety and emotional clarity have both direct and indirect effects on depression symptoms and play a dynamic role in depression symptoms, these results can be used in designing preventive and intervention programs for depression symptoms.

---

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and meaning and purpose therapy in promoting post-traumatic growth and psychosocial adjustment in breast cancer patients. The current research is a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of this research included all breast cancer patients in the Bukan Cancer Patients' Association in 2019, 45 of whom were purposive and were randomly assigned to three groups of cognitive therapy based on mindfulness, therapy based on meaning and purpose, and the control group. In this research, the 46-question Adjustment to Illness Scale–Self-Report (PAIS-SR)-Derogatis (1986) and the post-traumatic growth questionnaire by. Tedeschi & Calhoun (1996) were used. The experimental groups underwent treatment based on meaning and purpose and cognitive therapy based on group mindfulness for 8 weeks and one 60-minute session each week. To analyze the data, the statistical method of multivariate covariance analysis was used. The findings showed that there is a significant difference between the mean of the post-test in the two groups of the test and the test in the variable of psycho-social adaptation and post-traumatic growth (P ≥ 0.01), as evidence of the pre-test effect. In other words, cognitive therapy based on mindfulness was more effective than treatment based on meaning and goal in the variable of psychosocial adjustment, and therapy based on meaning and goal was more effective in the variable of post-traumatic growth than cognitive therapy based on mindfulness.

---

The aim of the present study was to investigate the structural pattern of difficulty in emotional regulation with conduct disorder based on mediating emotional and cognitive empathy in male adolescents. The research method was descriptive-correlation based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all the male students of the first secondary school in Kermanshah city in 2021-2022, 234 students who obtained the highest scores in the pediatric symptoms questionnaire and had the most symptoms of conduct disorder, were selected as a sample group based on the purposive sampling method. the questionnaires were the Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (DERS, Gratz and Roemer, 2004) and the Empathy Benefit Scale (EQ, Baron-Cohen, 2003). For analyzing data we used the Pearson correlation test and analysis of structural. The results of data analysis showed that the model has a good fit and there is a significant correlation & difficulty in regulating emotion and emotional & cognitive empathy have a direct and significant effect on the behavioral disorder(P<0.01). Also, difficulty in regulating emotion through the mediation of emotional and cognitive empathy has an indirect and significant effect on students' behavior disorder (P<0.01). Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the development of self-regulation of emotion can make it possible to achieve empathy in a person and act as an effective factor in reducing the symptoms of conduct disorder and increasing prosocial behavior in adolescents.

---

This research was conducted to investigate the mediating role of difficulty in emotion regulation in the relationship between psychological distress and marital conflict with self-silencing in women. The current research was a descriptive-correlation type of structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the research was all the women of Rey City in 2024. Using the available sampling method, a sample of 300 people was selected and participated in the study. Research tools included: Silencing the Self Scale (STSS, Jack & Dill, 1992), Psychological Distress Scale (K10, Kessler, 2002), Marital conflict questionnaire (MCQ, Sanaei, 2001), and Difficulties in emotion regulation scale (DERS, Gratz & Roemer, 2004). The data were analyzed using the structural equation analysis method. The results of the structural equation analysis indicated the appropriate fit of the model. The findings showed that marital conflict can directly predict self-silencing (p< 0.001). Also, psychological distress and marital conflict could indirectly predict self-silencing in women through difficulty in emotional regulation (p< 0.001). These results show that psychological distress and marital conflict, due to the important role of difficulty in emotion regulation, can explain self-silencing in women, and it is necessary to pay attention to these factors in interaction with each other in programs to reduce marital problems.

---

The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of compassion-focused art therapy on psychological capital and Anger rumination in abused and orphaned adolescents. The present study was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population included all abused and orphaned adolescent girls supported by the Bushehr welfare organization in 2023 in Bushehr. The research sample consisted of 30 people who were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). The Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ) by Luthans and Avolio (2007) and Anger Rumination Scale (ARS) by Sukhodolsky et al., (2001) were utilized to collect data. The data was analyzed using multivariate covariance analysis. The results showed that by controlling the effect of the pre-test, there is a significant difference (p<0.01) between the post-test of the experimental and control groups in psychological capital (efficacy, hope, resilience, optimism) and anger rumination (Angry Afterthoughts, Thoughts of Revenge, Angry Memories, Understanding of Causes). Consequently, it can be declared that compassion-focused art therapy is an efficient treatment for enhancing psychological capital and decreasing anger rumination in abused and orphaned adolescents.