Rooyesh-e- Ravanshenasi Journal(RRJ)

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Introduction: ACT is a psychological intervention based on modern behavioral psychology that incorporates communication framework theory, in which awareness, acceptance, and commitment processes and behavior change processes are used to achieve psychological flexibility.

Objectives: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of Acceptance and Commitment (ACT) therapy on the improvement of marital coping strategie and self-aware emotions and reducing the dimensions of marital conflict among couples.
 
Method: The research method was pre-test and post-test with experimental group and control group. The statistical population consisted of all couples who had been referred to the Family Planning Consultation Center of Islamabad in 1395In order to conduct the research, 30 couples were selected by sampling method in the family counseling center in two experimental and control groups. The treatment protocol based on admission and commitment in 12 sessions was performed on the experimental group. The instruments for collecting data were Marital Conflict Strategies Questionnaire (MCI), Self-Awareness Questionnaire (TOSCA), and Revised Marital Conflict Questionnaire (MCQ-R). In order to analyze the data, the multivariate covariance analysis method was used.
 
Results: The results showed that acceptance and commitment therapy was effective in improving coping strategies and self-consciousness and reducing the dimensions of marital conflicts among couples.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the moderating role of parental emotion regulation in the relationship between marital conflict and child emotion socialization. The study was a correlational one. The statistical population of this study included mothers and fathers with 6 to 10-year-old children in Tehran whose children were studying in primary schools in 1398. From the defined population, 120 couples were selected using the available sampling method and given three questionnaires of adjustment to negative emotions in children (Fabes,  Eisenberg & Bernzweig, 1990), Marital conflicts (Sanaee & Torabi, 1379), And the difficulty in regulating emotion (Gratz & Roemer, 2004) Replied. The collected data were analyzed by using a hierarchical regression method. The results showed that in the coupled model, the moderating role of difficulty in emotion regulation in relation to marital conflicts and socializing excitement of children act differently in parents. For fathers, the role in response to child emotions was significant and difficulty of emotion regulation was effective in their supportive and non-supportive responses and also played a moderating role in relation to conflicts between parents and their socialization of emotion (P<0/05).In return, for mothers, the moderating role of difficulty in emotion regulation in the relation between marital conflicts and socialization of emotion was not significant, but the adjustment of the mother's own emotion to the number of supportive responses was effective (P<0/05). Generally, the results of the study explain that emotion regulation skills in parents experiencing marital conflict have different effects and it deals with other factors affecting parent-child interaction in the other words father's lack of access to appropriate emotion regulation strategies causes unsupportive responses of the father and difficulty in emotion regulation in mothers to have less effect on the parent-child relationship and their motherhood.

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The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy on marital adjustment and intimacy of women with marital conflicts. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with the control group. The statistical population of this study included all women with marital conflicts who had referred to counseling centers in Tehran to resolve their family disputes In the six months of autumn and winter 2020, using the Sanai and Barati Marital Conflict Questionnaire (2008). Thirty women with marital conflicts were purposefully selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (15 in each group). They answered the Lock-Wallace (1959) Marital Adjustment Questionnaire (LWMAT) and the Walker & Thompson (1983) Marital Intimacy Questionnaire (MIS). The experimental group was trained in 8 sessions of 60 minutes (once a week) of dialectical behavior therapy techniques based on Linhan's (1970) training package. Data were analyzed using a multivariate analysis of covariance. Findings showed that the effectiveness of dialectical therapy on marital adjustment (P<0/01, F=17/79) and intimacy of women (P<0/01, F=14/82) with marital conflicts has been confirmed (P <0.05) and women with marital conflicts in the experimental group compared to women with marital conflicts in the control group. After the test, they had significantly more marital adjustment and intimacy (P <0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that dialectical behavior therapy is effective in increasing the marital adjustment and intimacy of couples.

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The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of film therapy on communication patterns and expressing positive feelings to spouses among couples with marital conflicts. This research utilized a pre-test and post-test experimental design with a control group and in this study, the study population was all couples referred to Valiasr Neighborhood in Tehran in the year 2019 who were selected according to inclusion criteria of 16 couples and were randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups (8 couples each). The experimental group received 8 sessions of 2-hour film therapy in 8 weeks and the control group did not receive any psychological intervention during this period. The participants were evaluated by Oleary et al.'s (1983) Positive Feelings Questionnaire and Christensen and Sullaway's (1984) communication patterns Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance test. The findings showed a significant difference between the two groups in communication patterns and expressing positive feelings to the spouse in the post-test stage (P<0.05). From the above findings, it can be concluded that film therapy effectively improves communication patterns and positive feelings towards spouses in couples with marital conflicts.

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The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of paradoxical couple therapy (PTC) on marital conflicts and emotion regulation in incompatible couples. The research design was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the current study included couples with marital conflicts who were referred to counseling centers in Tehran in the fall and winter of 1400, and who gave their informed consent to participate in this study. The final sample number in the present study was 18 couples with marital conflicts, which were selected by non-random sampling (available and purposeful) and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (9 couples in the experimental group and 9 couples in the control group). The instruments used included the Marital Conflict Questionnaire (Barati and Sanai, 2015) and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Gross and Jan 2003). After collecting the questionnaires and extracting the raw data, the analysis of the data from this research was done by SPSS-23 software and using univariate covariance analysis. The results showed that paradoxical couple therapy has a significant and favorable effect on marital conflicts and emotional regulation in couples with marital conflicts (p<0.001) and reduces marital conflicts and improves emotional regulation in couples with marital conflicts. Therefore, it can be concluded that psychotherapists can use this method of treatment to treat couples who have conflicts.

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Based on the lived experience of couples, the current research was conducted to investigate the maintaining factor of marital conflicts. The present study was a qualitative phenomenological study. The statistical population included all couples referred to counseling centers in Bojnourd City from July to October 2020. Twenty-two who had marital conflict were selected by the convenient sampling method. The number of participants could not be predicted from the beginning, and the researcher finally reached saturation by regularly checking the data and asking questions. Also, semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. Data analysis was performed using the coding method of Strauss and Corbin (1996) in three stages open, axial, and selective coding. The information obtained is based on the data from the research questions raised in the form of interviews. Thematic analysis of the maintaining factors of marital conflict was classified into three main components and 12 sub-components: intergenerational factors, interpersonal, and intrapersonal factors. Conclusion: Intrapersonal, interpersonal, and intergenerational factors are the main factors that cause conflicts between conflicting couples. Finally, qualitative research leads to a more detailed and deeper understanding of couples' marital problems. This way, providing appropriate counseling solutions to improve marital life is possible.

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The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of schema modes in the relationship between childhood trauma and marital conflicts of people with psychopathology symptoms. The research method was descriptive-correlation based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population included people who were referred to psychological counseling centers in Tehran in the second half (second six months) of 2022 due to marital conflicts. Several 310 people were selected as a sample using the convenience sampling method. The research tools include the Checklist 90 Revised (SCL-90 -R) by Derogatis et al. (1995), the Schema Mode Inventory (SMI) by Young et al. (2007), Marital Conflict Questionnaire–Revised (MCQ-R) Sanai (2007) and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) by Bernstein et al. (2003). Structural equation analysis was used to analyze the data. The results showed the optimal fit of the research model. The results showed that the sub-scales of childhood adversities do not have a significant direct effect on marital conflicts (P<0.05). Still, apart from sexual abuse, four other sub-scales (emotional abuse, physical abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect) have a significant indirect effect on marital conflict through the mediation of schema modes (P<0.05). These results show that schema modes, considering the role of childhood trauma, can explain the marital conflicts of people with symptoms of psychopathology.

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The purpose of this research was to investigate the psychometric properties of the attributed traits scale specific to the situation in the conflicts of Iranian couples. The statistical population was married students of Tehran universities in 2023, of which 249 married students were selected based on available sampling.  The research tools were the situation-specific attribute scale in couple conflicts (CSCS; Backer-Fulghum et al., 2016), the marital happiness scale (MHS; Arzin et al., 1973), and the marital conflict questionnaire (MCQ; Sanai, 2000). To check the validity and reliability of the scale, convergent and divergent validity were used by calculating Pearson's correlation, Cronbach's alpha test, and binomial coefficient. The results showed that the scale has good reliability according to the calculated Cronbach's alpha (0.94) and dichotomization coefficient (0.93). Based on the high correlation between CSCS and marital happiness scale (r=-0.491) and marital conflicts questionnaire (r=0.532), it can be said that this scale has favorable convergent and divergent validity. To check the construct validity, confirmatory factor analysis was performed and the validity of the scale was confirmed. The correlation coefficient of the retest CSCS was calculated to be significant and equal to 0.994. These results show that the Persian version of CSCS has adequate validity and reliability, and as a result, couple therapists and psychotherapists can use it as a valid tool in working with Iranian couples.

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This research study aimed to investigate postpartum depression symptoms based on marital conflicts, history of pre-pregnancy depression, and family support. The present research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population includes all pregnant women referring to the counseling centers of the Tehran Health Department who were pregnant in 2023, from among them 150 people were selected by random sampling method. The data were collected using the standard Marital Conflict Questionnaire of Brati and Sanai (2015, MCQ), the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Questionnaire (2003, EPDS), the Social Support Questionnaire (Family Scale, Mary Procidano and Kenneth Heller (PSS-FA, 1983) and the questionnaire Depression was collected by Beck et al. (BDI-II 1996). The data were analyzed using the multivariate regression method. The findings showed that the components of marital conflict (0.001) and pre-pregnancy depression ( 0.037), positively and significantly, and family support (0.041) can predict postpartum depression. Other results indicated that marital conflicts, history of depression before pregnancy, and family support in total explain 31 percent of the variance of postpartum depression, so marital conflicts, history of depression before pregnancy, and family support can play a role in the occurrence of postpartum depression.

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The present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of solution-oriented therapy training on psychological flexibility and emotional self-regulation in women with marital conflicts. The method of the research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included all the women with marital conflicts who visited Ahvaz counseling centers in 2020-2021, of which 30 people were selected by targeted sampling. They were selected and then randomly assigned to a group of 15 people for testing and control. A 90-minute session was conducted every week for the experimental group. To collect data, the psychological flexibility questionnaires of Dennis and Vanderwaal (CFI, 2010), emotional self-regulation by Hoffman and Kusdan (ESQ, 2010), and marital conflicts of Sanai and Barati (MCQ, 2017) were used. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. The research findings showed that by controlling the pre-test effect, there was a significant difference between the post-test average of psychological flexibility and emotional self-regulation in the two experimental and control groups at the P<0.001 level. From the above findings, it can be concluded that solution-oriented training effectively increases the psychological flexibility and emotional self-regulation of women with marital conflicts. According to the results of the research, it is suggested that counselors and psychologists in the family field improve the psychological flexibility and self-regulation of women with marital conflicts by applying solution-oriented training.