Comparing the effectiveness of emotional schema therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on distress tolerance and experiential avoidance in people with major depressive disorder

Naser, Azadeh; Bashirzade, Roghaye; Arefi, Mokhtar

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year 14, Issue 9 (autumn az 2025 2025) Rooyesh 2025, 14(9): 199-210 | Back to browse issues page

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Naser A, Bashirzade R, Arefi M. (2025). Comparing the effectiveness of emotional schema therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on distress tolerance and experiential avoidance in people with major depressive disorder. Rooyesh. 14(9), 199-210.
URL: http://frooyesh.ir/article-1-6122-en.html

Comparing the effectiveness of emotional schema therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on distress tolerance and experiential avoidance in people with major depressive disorder

Azadeh Naser¹

, Roghaye Bashirzade²

, Mokhtar Arefi ^*³

1- M.A General Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah Branch, Iran.
2- M.A Clinical Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil Branch, Iran.
3- Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah Branch, Iran. , M.arefi@iauksh.ac.ir

Abstract: (15 Views)

The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of emotional schema therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on distress tolerance and experiential avoidance in people with major depressive disorder. The research method was a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test-post-test format and a control group. The statistical population included all individuals with major depressive disorder in Kermanshah in 2024. In this study, 45 participants were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental groups (15 participants each) and a control group (15 participants). The instruments used in this study included the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) (1961), the Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS) by Simmons and Gaher (2005), and the Experiential Avoidance Scale (EAQ) by Gomez et al. (2011). The first experimental group received nine sessions of emotional schema therapy, while the second experimental group received eight sessions of acceptance and commitment therapy weekly. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. The results showed that by controlling for the pretest effect, a significant difference was observed in the posttest means of distress tolerance and experiential avoidance among the three groups at the 0.05 level (p < 0.05). Additionally, the findings indicated no significant difference between the effectiveness of the interventions on distress tolerance and experiential avoidance (p < 0.05); therefore, it can be concluded that both types of interventions were able to improve distress tolerance and experiential avoidance.

Keywords: Experiential Avoidance, Distress Tolerance, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Emotional Schema Therapy, Major depressive Disorder.

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Type of Article: Research | Subject: Clinical Psychology
Received: 2025/03/21 | Accepted: 2025/07/11 | ePublished: 2026/01/14